| Cahuilla |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
yes |
The dative case marks beneficiary or recipient |
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 72 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
no |
Dative NPs have a case marker, but it is bound morphology. |
Allin, 1976: 238 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
yes |
The dative is marked |
Aikhenvald, 1995: 14 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
yes |
Dative case marking destinations. |
Galindo, 2002: 209-210 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
yes |
Recipients (referente 2) receive case marking? |
Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 38 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
yes |
|
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 54 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
yes |
Object, beneficiary/recipient |
Santos, 2006: 215 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
yes |
Indirect object is marked, subject and object are not. |
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 800 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
no |
Bound morphology is used. |
Aikhenvald, 2003: 139 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
yes |
The goal marker -monhi marks goal role in ditransitives. |
Facundes, 200: 285-286 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
no |
no adpositions on core cases |
Mihas 2010, Payne 1981, Payne 1983 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no |
|
Zamponi 2003:34 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
no |
|
Duff-Tripp 1997:35 |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
no |
"Baure, a language that does not have adpositions..." |
Danielsen 2007: p429 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
no |
Core arguments marked on verb or with free pronouns/nouns. |
Michael, 2008. p. 340-343 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no |
It seems that only recipients are marked with a postposition |
Rowan and Burgess 1979:31 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no |
no markers for core case |
Launey 2003:67 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no |
only recipients |
Matteson 1965 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no |
core cases not marked |
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
no |
Affixes (on NPs and VPs) used to mark. |
Seifart - 2005:68 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
no |
S and O are highlighted by word order- not morphemic |
Hall 1988: 65-68 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
yes |
location, time, manner, instrument, comparison, comitative, benefactive and source (p. 111) |
Abbott 1991: 110-112 |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
no |
|
Payne 2012 |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
no |
|
de Armellada 1999: 54 |
|
|
|
| Guna |
no |
prepositions that are grammaticalizing into case markers |
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
yes |
|
Frank 1985:46 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
yes |
There is a postposition which marks dative case. This postposition can be suffixed to certain nouns. |
Quesada 2008:82 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
no |
|
Queixalós 1998 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no |
|
Buenaventura - 1993:52 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
no |
|
Overall 2007:214 |
|
|
|
| Northern Emberá |
no |
|
Mortensen 1999:47-57 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
yes |
There are postpositions |
Orr et all. 1991:22; Peeke 1991:22 |
|
|
|
| Ingá |
no |
|
Parks 1990:76 |
|
|
|
| Matses |
no |
|
Fleck:280-1 |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
no |
|
Zúñiga 2006, p. 194-7 |
|
|
|
| Páez |
yes |
|
Jung:114-28 |
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
no |
|
Parker 1965:26-7 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
yes |
|
Montes 2004b:51-53 |
|
|
|
| Urarina |
no |
|
Olawsky:224-44 |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
no |
Case is marked by suffixes |
Mejía 2000:88-89 |
|
|
|
| Andoke |
no |
|
Landaburu 1979: 158-165 |
|
|
|
| Puinave |
no |
|
Giron 2008: p194-208 |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
no |
|
Deza Galindo 1992: 136, 137 |
|
|
|
| Kakua |
no info |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no |
|
Silva 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
yes |
|
Minor and Minor 1982. p.37-39 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
no |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
yes |
postpositions mark several cases: for example dative, ablative… etc |
Weir 1984 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
yes |
|
Martins 2004 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
no |
|
Miller 1999, p. 35 |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
no |
|
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 134 |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
no |
|
Stenzel 2004 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
yes |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.42 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
no |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.51-52 |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
yes |
Barasano uses only postpositions in adpositional phrases. |
Jones & Jones 1991, p.3 |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
yes |
The case markers are postposition clitics on the last word in the noun phrase. |
Strom 1992, p.59 |
|
Case markers indicate the relationship of a noun phrase to the verb of a clause (also marks the relationship between two noun phrases in the same clause in the case of accompaniment.) |
|
| Siona |
yes |
agent, DO |
Wheeler - 1987:124, 127 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
no |
|
Ramirez 1997 |
|
evidence from examples throughout text |
|
| Yanomami |
no |
|
Ramirez 1994: 195-198 |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
yes |
benefactive |
Goodwin-Gomez, p.78 |
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
no |
|
Borgman 1990, p. 154 |
|
|
|
| Surui |
no |
|
Van der Meer (?):2 |
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no |
|
Everett 2006:264-5 |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no |
|
Cruz 2011:412-420 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
yes |
postposition |
Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:130-1 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
|
Vallejos 2010:517-521 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Jingulu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wambaya |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bunuba |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Walmajarri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyulnyul |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Warrwa |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Worrorra |
no |
|
ms1.7 |
|
|
0 |
| Garrwa |
no |
|
4 |
|
|
0 |
| Gooniyandi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Warlpiri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bardi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no |
|
79 |
|
|
0 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
no |
|
54 |
|
|
0 |
| Yidiny |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yanyuwa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yandruwandha |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
no |
|
14-17 |
|
|
0 |
| Woiwurrung |
no |
|
70, 76-77 |
|
|
0 |
| Wirangu |
No |
|
47 |
|
|
0 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
no |
|
H 27 |
|
|
0 |
| Warumungu |
No |
|
18 |
|
|
0 |
| Wangkumara |
no |
|
4, 22 |
|
|
0 |
| Uradhi |
No |
|
335 |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Pitta-Pitta |
No |
|
193 |
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
yes |
|
47-58 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngiyambaa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngayawang |
No |
|
4 |
|
|
0 |
| Muruwari |
no |
|
53 |
|
|
0 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
51 |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Marrgany |
No |
|
302 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
148 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
389 |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
No |
|
5 |
|
|
0 |
| Kalkatungu |
no |
|
27 |
|
|
0 |
| Jaru |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No |
|
47 |
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
no |
|
254 |
|
|
0 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
No |
|
38 |
|
|
0 |
| Dyirbal |
No |
|
42 |
|
|
0 |
| Duungidjawu |
no |
|
25 |
|
|
0 |
| Djinang |
No |
|
27 |
|
|
0 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Darkinyung |
no |
|
12-13 |
|
|
0 |
| Bularnu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Biri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no |
|
36 |
|
|
0 |
| Batyala |
No |
|
5 |
|
|
0 |
| Arabana |
no |
|
61 |
|
|
0 |
| Alyawarr |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyikina |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
No |
|
20 |
|
|
0 |
| Wathawurrung |
no |
|
71 |
|
|
0 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
75 |
|
|
0 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
no |
|
26 |
|
|
0 |
| Thanggati |
no |
|
11 |
|
|
0 |
| Katthang |
no |
|
30 |
|
|
0 |
| Panyjima |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngarinyeri |
No |
|
18 |
|
|
0 |
| Kurrama |
no |
|
23 |
|
|
0 |
| Yingkarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Githabul |
No |
|
9 |
|
|
0 |
| Gunya |
No |
|
302 |
|
|
0 |
| Kunjen |
No |
|
29 |
|
|
0 |
| WesternTorres |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wakaya |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yindjilindji |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bandjalang |
No |
|
52 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
No |
|
48 |
|
|
0 |
| Arrernte |
No |
|
126 |
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
No |
|
52 |
|
|
0 |
| Karajarri |
No |
|
113 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
No |
|
Y 16 |
|
|
0 |
| Ritharrngu |
No |
|
33 |
|
|
0 |
| Warrgamay |
No |
|
28 |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
no |
|
881 |
|
|
0 |
| Warnman |
No |
|
14 |
|
|
0 |
| Djapu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bilinarra |
no |
|
4.0999999999999996447 |
|
|
0 |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
51 |
|
|
0 |
| Narungga |
No |
|
64 |
|
|
0 |
| Tharrkari |
No |
|
24-5 |
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
No |
|
39 |
|
|
0 |
| Warungu |
no |
|
164 |
|
|
0 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
no |
|
Payne and Payne 1990:348 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
no |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
