Adpositions mark core NPs
- Category
- Nominal Categories - Case and adpositions
- Notes
- Prepositions or postpositions mark subjects, objects, beneficiaries/recipients
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | yes | The dative case marks beneficiary or recipient | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 72 | |||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 51 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:214 | ||||
| Alyawarr | no | 0 | ||||
| Andoke | no | Landaburu 1979: 158-165 | ||||
| Apurinã | yes | The goal marker -monhi marks goal role in ditransitives. | Facundes, 200: 285-286 | |||
| Arabana | no | 61 | 0 | |||
| Arrernte | No | 126 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | no | no adpositions on core cases | Mihas 2010, Payne 1981, Payne 1983 | |||
| Añun | no | core cases not marked | Patte 1989 | |||
| Bandjalang | No | 52 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | yes | Barasano uses only postpositions in adpositional phrases. | Jones & Jones 1991, p.3 | |||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | yes | The dative is marked | Aikhenvald, 1995: 14 | |||
| Batyala | No | 5 | 0 | |||
| Baure | no | "Baure, a language that does not have adpositions..." | Danielsen 2007: p429 | |||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no | 36 | 0 | |||
| Bilinarra | no | 4.0999999999999996447 | 0 | |||
| Biri | no | 0 | ||||
| Bora | no | Affixes (on NPs and VPs) used to mark. | Seifart - 2005:68 | |||
| Bularnu | no | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | no | Deza Galindo 1992: 136, 137 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | ||||||
| Cubeo | no | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 134 | ||||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | no | |||||
| Darkinyung | no | 12-13 | 0 | |||
| Desano | no | Miller 1999, p. 35 | ||||
| Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 0 | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no | 0 | ||||
| Djinang | No | 27 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 25 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 42 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | yes | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | no | Payne 2012 | ||||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no | 4 | 0 | |||
| Githabul | No | 9 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Guaymí | yes | There is a postposition which marks dative case. This postposition can be suffixed to certain nouns. | Quesada 2008:82 | |||
| Gugu-Badhun | no | 0 | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 254 | 0 | |||
| Guna | no | prepositions that are grammaticalizing into case markers | Smith texts | |||
| Gunya | No | 302 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 47 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 26 | 0 | |||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | yes | Frank 1985:46 | ||||
| Ingá | no | Parks 1990:76 | ||||
| Jaru | no | 0 | ||||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | no | Silva 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no info | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | no | 27 | 0 | |||
| Karajarri | No | 113 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:264-5 | ||||
| Katthang | no | 30 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | No | 5 | 0 | |||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010:517-521 | ||||
| Kokatha | No | 52 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.51-52 | ||||
| Kotiria | no | Stenzel 2004 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 389 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 0 | ||||
| Kunjen | No | 29 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | no | 23 | 0 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 148 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | no | Buenaventura - 1993:52 | ||||
| Maipure | no | Zamponi 2003:34 | ||||
| Makiritare | no | S and O are highlighted by word order- not morphemic | Hall 1988: 65-68 | |||
| Makuna | yes | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.42 | ||||
| Makushi | yes | location, time, manner, instrument, comparison, comitative, benefactive and source (p. 111) | Abbott 1991: 110-112 | |||
| Mapudungun | no | Zúñiga 2006, p. 194-7 | ||||
| Marrgany | No | 302 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | no | 0 | ||||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 75 | 0 | |||
| Matses | no | Fleck:280-1 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 51 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | yes | Minor and Minor 1982. p.37-39 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no | 53 | 0 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | yes | postpositions mark several cases: for example dative, ablative… etc | Weir 1984 | |||
| Nanti | no | Core arguments marked on verb or with free pronouns/nouns. | Michael, 2008. p. 340-343 | |||
| Narungga | No | 64 | 0 | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 48 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No | 18 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No | 4 | 0 | |||
| Ngiyambaa | no | 0 | ||||
| Nhanta | yes | 47-58 | 1 | |||
| Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011:412-420 | ||||
| Ninam | yes | benefactive | Goodwin-Gomez, p.78 | |||
| Northern Emberá | no | Mortensen 1999:47-57 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | ||||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Palikur | no | no markers for core case | Launey 2003:67 | |||
| Panyjima | no | 0 | ||||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | yes | postposition | Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:130-1 | |||
| Paresi | no | It seems that only recipients are marked with a postposition | Rowan and Burgess 1979:31 | |||
| Pemon | no | de Armellada 1999: 54 | ||||
| Piapoco | yes | Dative case marking destinations. | Galindo, 2002: 209-210 | |||
| Pintupi | no | 0 | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | Y 16 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 193 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | no | Giron 2008: p194-208 | ||||
| Páez | yes | Jung:114-28 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:26-7 | ||||
| Resígaro | no | Dative NPs have a case marker, but it is bound morphology. | Allin, 1976: 238 | |||
| Ritharrngu | No | 33 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no | Borgman 1990, p. 154 | ||||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | ||||||
| Sikuani | no | Queixalós 1998 | ||||
| Siona | yes | agent, DO | Wheeler - 1987:124, 127 | |||
| Southern Paiute | ||||||
| Southern Ute | ||||||
| Surui | no | Van der Meer (?):2 | ||||
| Tanimuca | yes | The case markers are postposition clitics on the last word in the noun phrase. | Strom 1992, p.59 | Case markers indicate the relationship of a noun phrase to the verb of a clause (also marks the relationship between two noun phrases in the same clause in the case of accompaniment.) | ||
| Tariana | no | Bound morphology is used. | Aikhenvald, 2003: 139 | |||
| Thanggati | no | 11 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 24-5 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | yes | Montes 2004b:51-53 | ||||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | no | Ramirez 1997 | evidence from examples throughout text | |||
| Uradhi | No | 335 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | no | Olawsky:224-44 | ||||
| Wajarri | No | 39 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no | 4, 22 | 0 | |||
| Waorani | yes | There are postpositions | Orr et all. 1991:22; Peeke 1991:22 | |||
| Wapishana | yes | Object, beneficiary/recipient | Santos, 2006: 215 | |||
| Warlpiri | no info | 0 | ||||
| Warluwarra | no | 881 | 0 | |||
| Warnman | No | 14 | 0 | |||
| Warrgamay | No | 28 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | yes | 1 | ||||
| Warumungu | No | 18 | 0 | |||
| Warungu | no | 164 | 0 | |||
| Wathawurrung | no | 71 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | no | Case is marked by suffixes | Mejía 2000:88-89 | |||
| Wayuu | yes | Indirect object is marked, subject and object are not. | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 800 | |||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 27 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | no | 0 | ||||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | No | 47 | 0 | |||
| Woiwurrung | no | 70, 76-77 | 0 | |||
| Worrorra | no | ms1.7 | 0 | |||
| Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990:348 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no | 14-17 | 0 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no | 0 | ||||
| Yanesha' | no | Duff-Tripp 1997:35 | ||||
| Yanomami | no | Ramirez 1994: 195-198 | ||||
| Yanyuwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Yavitero | yes | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 54 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no | 54 | 0 | |||
| Yindjilindji | no | 0 | ||||
| Yine | no | only recipients | Matteson 1965 | |||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 79 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | yes | Recipients (referente 2) receive case marking? | Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 38 | |||
| Yulparija | No | 20 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 38 | 0 |
| Language |
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