Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Achagua | 24 | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 72 | ||||
Aché | no info | |||||
Adnyamathanha | ||||||
Aghu-Tharnggala | Yes | 51 | 1 | |||
Aguaruna | 7 | Overall 2007:214 | Genitive is not considered as case | |||
Alyawarr | yes | 69-70 | 1 | |||
Andoke | 15 | about 15? | Landaburu 1979: 169 | |||
Apurinã | 6 | Facundes, 2000: 385-390 | ||||
Arabana | yes | 61 | 1 | |||
Arrernte | Yes | 126 | 1 | |||
Asheninka Apurucayali | 1 | locative | Payne 1981:110111 | |||
Añun | 0 | Patte 1989 | ||||
Bandjalang | yes | 52 | 1 | |||
Baniwa | 5+ | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
Barasano | 6 | 4 morphemes which mark case: -re occurs on NP in the roles of object, experiencer, benefactee, and manner; rãka occurs on noun phrases of accompaniment and instrument; -hu marks locations or times; and ya marks the genitive. | Jones & Jones 1991, p.65-72 | |||
Bardi | yes | 1 | ||||
Bare | 4 | Locative, perlative, directional, elative | Aikhenvald, 1995: 15 | |||
Batyala | Yes | 5 | 1 | |||
Baure | 6 | Danielsen 2007: p116, 443-444 | ||||
Bidjara-Gungabula | yes | 57-70 | 1 | |||
Bilinarra | yes | 4.0999999999999996447 | 1 | |||
Biri | yes | 14 | 1 | |||
Bora | 8 | Seifart - 2005: 68 | ||||
Bularnu | yes | 1 | ||||
Bunuba | yes | 1 | ||||
Cabecar | 5 | There are five case which are morphologically marked. These cases do not include nominative and accusa which are not morphologically marked. | Bourland 1976:85 | |||
Cahuilla | 5 | |||||
Central Aymara | 10 | Huayhua Pari 2001: 253 | ||||
Chemehuevi | 4 | |||||
Comanche | 3 | |||||
Cubeo | 5 | Cubeo has five case marking suffixes that can be attached to pronouns and nouns. (the subject case is unmarked.) | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 110 | |||
Cupeño | 4 | |||||
Damana | yes | 5 cases observed | ||||
Darkinyung | yes | 17, 28 | 1 | |||
Desano | 3 | The case markers in Desano are the specific object marker -re, the locative marker -ge, and bẽrã 'with, accompaniment, intrument'. | Miller 1999, p. 57 | Both -ge and -bẽrã may be followed by -re. | ||
Dharawal | yes | 46-48 | 1 | |||
Dharuk | ||||||
Diyari | yes | 48-50; 114 | 1 | |||
Djabugay | ||||||
Djapu | yes | 34 | 1 | |||
Djinang | Yes | 27 | 1 | |||
Duungidjawu | yes | 25 | 1 | |||
Dyirbal | yes | 42 | 1 | |||
Dâw | 1 | affected non-subject suffix; various postpositions | Martins 2004 | |||
Eñepa | 2 | dative, goal | Payne 2012:295 | |||
Gabrielino | 5 | |||||
Garrwa | yes | 4 | 1 | |||
Githabul | yes | 9 | 1 | |||
Gooniyandi | yes | 1 | ||||
Guaymí | 2 | only ergative and dative cases are marked | Quesada 2008:82, 155-6 | |||
Gugu-Badhun | yes | 110 | 1 | |||
Gumbaynggirr | yes | 254 | 1 | |||
Guna | 4 | no core case markers | Smith texts | |||
Gunya | yes | 302 | 1 | |||
Gupapuyngu | ||||||
Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
Guugu-Yimidhirr | yes | 47 | 1 | |||
Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | yes | 26 | 1 | |||
Hup | 3 | Epps 2008 | ||||
Idaho Shoshone | 3 | |||||
Ika | 7 | Frank 1985:46 | ||||
Ingá | 7 | Parks 1990:76 | ||||
Jaru | yes | 55 | 1 | |||
Jingulu | yes | 1 | ||||
Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 | ||||
Kakua | 1 | non subject | Bolaños fieldnotes | |||
Kalkatungu | yes | 29 | 1 | |||
Karajarri | Yes | 113 | 1 | |||
Karitiana | 1 | This suffix is attached to non-core arguments | Everett 2006:304-8 | |||
Katthang | yes | 30 | 1 | |||
Kaurna | yes | 5 | 1 | |||
Kawaiisu | 6-7 | |||||
Kinikinau | no info | |||||
Kitanemuk | 5 | |||||
Kogi | 5 | It considers nominative, genitive, dative, ablative and accusative from which only accusative is morphologicaly unmarked. | Stendal 1976:18 | |||
Kokama | 10 | marked by postposition | Vallejos 2010:279-304 | |||
Kokatha | Yes | 52 | 1 | |||
Koreguaje | 4 | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.47 | ||||
Kotiria | 0 | Stenzel 2004, p. 166 | ||||
Kugu-Nganhcara | yes | 389 | 1 | |||
Kuku Yalanji | yes | 45 | 1 | |||
Kunjen | yes | 29 | 1 | |||
Kurrama | yes | 24 | 1 | |||
Kuuk Thaayorre | Yes | 148 | 1 | |||
Luiseño | 6-7 | |||||
Macaguan | no info | author only mentions one locative -t | Buenaventura - 1993 | |||
Maipure | no | No case markers | Zamponi 2003 | |||
Makiritare | 1 | "There is no overt morphological marking to signal the genetive relationship beyond the word order itself" | Hall 1988: 49 | |||
Makuna | 2 | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.33 | ||||
Makushi | 6 | Agentive: -ya, dative: -piá, benefactive: -tompé, locative: -po, instrument: -ke | Carson 1982: 78-79 | |||
Mapudungun | 0 | There are adpositions to mark oblique cases (non-core ones). In the source, there are only listed 3 adpositions but one of them has many different meanings | Zúñiga 2006, p. 194-7 | |||
Marrgany | yes | 302 | 1 | |||
Martuthunira | yes | 63-99 | 1 | |||
Mathi-Mathi | yes | 75 | 1 | |||
Matses | 10 | Fleck:280-1 | ||||
Mayi-Yapi | yes | 51 | 1 | |||
Minica Witoto | 5 | Minor and Minor 1982. p.36-41 | ||||
Mpakwithi | ||||||
Muruwari | yes | 52 | 1 | |||
Nadëb/Roçado dialect | 1 | dative'; other relations are marked by verbal postpositions | Weir 1984 | |||
Nanti | 1 | Michael, 2008. p. 354-355 | ||||
Narungga | Yes | 64 | 1 | |||
Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
Ngaatjatjara | yes | 48 | 1 | |||
Ngarinyeri | yes | 18 | 1 | |||
Ngarinyin | ||||||
Ngayawang | yes | 6 | 1 | |||
Ngiyambaa | yes | 82-84 | 1 | |||
Nhanta | yes | 47-58 | 1 | |||
Nheengatu | 10 | postpositions | Cruz 2011:197 | |||
Ninam | 3 | agentive, oblique, commitative | Goodwin-Gomez, p.76-79 | |||
Northern Emberá | 8 | Mortensen 1999:47-57 | Catío | |||
Northern Paiute | 2 | |||||
Nyangumarta | yes | 1 | ||||
Nyikina | yes | 1 | ||||
Nyulnyul | yes | 1 | ||||
Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
Paakantyi | yes | 54 | 1 | |||
Palikur | no info | Launey 2003 | ||||
Panyjima | yes | 1 | ||||
Paraguayan Guaraní | 2 | Not sure about it. Subjects are not marked by case; objects are marked when they are person and animal but they take different postpositions; and indirect objects are all marked. | Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:130-1 | |||
Paresi | no info | Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 | ||||
Pemon | 2 | de Armellada 1999: 54 | The ergative case is marked with the suffix ya (or it's allomorph da). The absolutive case doesn't seem to have its own morpheme. | |||
Piapoco | 11 | Galindo, 2002: 209-218 | ||||
Pintupi | yes | 43; 45; 50-62 | 1 | |||
Pitjantjatjara | Yes | Y 16 | 1 | |||
Pitta-Pitta | yes | 193 | 1 | |||
Puinave | 12 | N-case | Giron 2008:p194 | |||
Páez | 4 | Jung:114-28 | ||||
Quechua Ayacuchano | 11 | There are 11 suffixes for case, among them an object suffix, a commitative suffix, a benefactive suffix and some other non-core case suffixes | Parker 1965:26-7 | |||
Resígaro | 21 | dative, purposive, benefactive, instrumental, concomitant: with, without, alone; 2 comparatives, conditional, adjunct marker, 3 directionals, 7 locatives | Allin, 1976: 238-279 | |||
Ritharrngu | Yes | 33 | 1 | |||
Sanumá | 3 | ergative and instrumental indicated with the same morpheme | Borgman 1990, p. 119-126 | several suffixes used for several meanings | ||
Serrano | 5 | |||||
Shoshone | 3 | |||||
Sikuani | 6 | oblique cases marked as suffixes | Queixalós 2000:78 | |||
Siona | 1 | At least 7 apparent cases. | Wheeler - 1987:124-130 | |||
Southern Paiute | 4 | |||||
Southern Ute | 4 | |||||
Surui | no info | |||||
Tanimuca | 8 | Retuarã uses postpositions to mark case using the eight markers; -re/-te 'Term', -rã 'Loc', -reka 'Loc.Spec', -ka-gener/number 'Abl', -pe 'Instr', -ka 'Com', -rʔsi 'Ben', -ri-gender/number 'Poss' | Strom 1992, p.37 | |||
Tariana | 4 | Two core cases, two oblique cases (Locational and instrumental/comitative). | Aikhenvald, 2003: 139-140 | |||
Thanggati | yes | 11, 23 | 1 | |||
Tharrkari | Yes | 24-5 | 1 | |||
Tikuna | 7 | nominative, accusative, locative, genitive and benefactive…it is not clear if there are other cases such as sociative and final which are listed in Montes (2004b:90) | Montes 2004b:51-53, 71, 90 | |||
Timbisha | 3 | |||||
Tukano | 2+ | locative -ro, referential (oblique) -re | Ramirez 1997: 204 | |||
Uradhi | Yes | 335 | 1 | |||
Urarina | 6 | Cases mark non-core grammatical relations as location, time, beneficiary, etc. | Olawsky:224-5 | |||
Wajarri | Yes | 39 | 1 | |||
Wakaya | yes | 1 | ||||
Walmajarri | yes | 1 | ||||
Wambaya | yes | 1 | ||||
Wangkumara | yes | 4, 22 | 1 | |||
Waorani | no info | |||||
Wapishana | 3 | Santos 2006:215 | ||||
Warlpiri | no info | 0 | ||||
Warluwarra | yes | 881 | 1 | |||
Warnman | Yes | 14 | 1 | |||
Warrgamay | Yes | 28 | 1 | |||
Warrwa | yes | 1 | ||||
Warumungu | yes | 18 | 1 | |||
Warungu | yes | 164 | 1 | |||
Wathawurrung | yes | 71 | 1 | |||
Waunana | 6 | ergative/instrumental, absolutive, dative/allative, commitative, locative and genitive | Mejía 2000:88-89 | |||
Wayuu | 13 | Mansen & Captain note that the case suffixes can occur attached to the noun, but in some cases (in relative or passive clauses), they may be detached. | Mansen & Captain, 2000: 800 | |||
Wemba-Wemba | yes | H 28 | 1 | |||
Western Mono | 2 | |||||
WesternTorres | yes | FO 136 | 1 | |||
Wiradjuri | yes | m286 | 1 | |||
Wirangu | yes | 47 | 1 | |||
Woiwurrung | yes | 67 | 1 | |||
Worrorra | no info | 0 | ||||
Yagua | no info | author talks about obliques, but does not specify how many | Payne and Payne 1990 | |||
Yalarnnga | yes | 14 | 1 | |||
Yan-nhangu | ||||||
Yandruwandha | yes | 75-105 | 1 | |||
Yanesha' | 4 | locative, referential, vocative and genitive | Duff-Tripp 1997:35 | |||
Yanomami | 2 | could be interpreted as 4 cases. suffix -nɨ marks ergative and instrumental (possibly distinct because ins. Can be used with an intrans. Verb), and clitic =e marks 'oblique' and possessive/possessed case (can appear with either head or dependent in Yanom | Ramirez 1994: 195-198, 179-180 | |||
Yanyuwa | yes | 13 | 1 | |||
Yavitero | 0 | All relations seem to use prepositions, although these prepositions are prefixed with personal-reference markers. | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 53 | |||
Yawuru | ||||||
Yidiny | yes | 1 | ||||
Yindjibarndi | yes | 1, 54 | 1 | |||
Yindjilindji | yes | 1 | ||||
Yine | no | Matteson 1965 | ||||
Yingkarta | yes | 1 | ||||
Yir Yoront | ||||||
Yorta Yorta | yes | 79 | 1 | |||
Yugambeh | ||||||
Yukuna | 4 | Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 38 | ||||
Yulparija | Yes | 20 | 1 | |||
Yuwaalaraay | Yes | 38 | 1 |
Language |
---|