| Cahuilla |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
6-7 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
6-7 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
24 |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 72 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
21 |
dative, purposive, benefactive, instrumental, concomitant: with, without, alone; 2 comparatives, conditional, adjunct marker, 3 directionals, 7 locatives |
Allin, 1976: 238-279 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
4 |
Locative, perlative, directional, elative |
Aikhenvald, 1995: 15 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
11 |
|
Galindo, 2002: 209-218 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
4 |
|
Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 38 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
0 |
All relations seem to use prepositions, although these prepositions are prefixed with personal-reference markers. |
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 53 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
3 |
|
Santos 2006:215 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
13 |
Mansen & Captain note that the case suffixes can occur attached to the noun, but in some cases (in relative or passive clauses), they may be detached. |
Mansen & Captain, 2000: 800 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
4 |
Two core cases, two oblique cases (Locational and instrumental/comitative). |
Aikhenvald, 2003: 139-140 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
6 |
|
Facundes, 2000: 385-390 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
1 |
locative |
Payne 1981:110111 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no |
No case markers |
Zamponi 2003 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
4 |
locative, referential, vocative and genitive |
Duff-Tripp 1997:35 |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
6 |
|
Danielsen 2007: p116, 443-444 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
1 |
|
Michael, 2008. p. 354-355 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no info |
|
Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no info |
|
Launey 2003 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no |
|
Matteson 1965 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
0 |
|
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
8 |
|
Seifart - 2005: 68 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
1 |
"There is no overt morphological marking to signal the genetive relationship beyond the word order itself" |
Hall 1988: 49 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
6 |
Agentive: -ya, dative: -piá, benefactive: -tompé, locative: -po, instrument: -ke |
Carson 1982: 78-79 |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
2 |
dative, goal |
Payne 2012:295 |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
2 |
|
de Armellada 1999: 54 |
|
The ergative case is marked with the suffix ya (or it's allomorph da). The absolutive case doesn't seem to have its own morpheme. |
|
| Guna |
4 |
no core case markers |
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
7 |
|
Frank 1985:46 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
5 |
It considers nominative, genitive, dative, ablative and accusative from which only accusative is morphologicaly unmarked. |
Stendal 1976:18 |
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
5 |
There are five case which are morphologically marked. These cases do not include nominative and accusa which are not morphologically marked. |
Bourland 1976:85 |
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
2 |
only ergative and dative cases are marked |
Quesada 2008:82, 155-6 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
yes |
5 cases observed |
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
6 |
oblique cases marked as suffixes |
Queixalós 2000:78 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no info |
author only mentions one locative -t |
Buenaventura - 1993 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
7 |
|
Overall 2007:214 |
|
Genitive is not considered as case |
|
| Northern Emberá |
8 |
|
Mortensen 1999:47-57 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ingá |
7 |
|
Parks 1990:76 |
|
|
|
| Matses |
10 |
|
Fleck:280-1 |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
0 |
There are adpositions to mark oblique cases (non-core ones). In the source, there are only listed 3 adpositions but one of them has many different meanings |
Zúñiga 2006, p. 194-7 |
|
|
|
| Páez |
4 |
|
Jung:114-28 |
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
11 |
There are 11 suffixes for case, among them an object suffix, a commitative suffix, a benefactive suffix and some other non-core case suffixes |
Parker 1965:26-7 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
7 |
nominative, accusative, locative, genitive and benefactive…it is not clear if there are other cases such as sociative and final which are listed in Montes (2004b:90) |
Montes 2004b:51-53, 71, 90 |
|
|
|
| Urarina |
6 |
Cases mark non-core grammatical relations as location, time, beneficiary, etc. |
Olawsky:224-5 |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
6 |
ergative/instrumental, absolutive, dative/allative, commitative, locative and genitive |
Mejía 2000:88-89 |
|
|
|
| Andoke |
15 |
about 15? |
Landaburu 1979: 169 |
|
|
|
| Puinave |
12 |
N-case |
Giron 2008:p194 |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
10 |
|
Huayhua Pari 2001: 253 |
|
|
|
| Kakua |
1 |
non subject |
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no info |
|
Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
5 |
|
Minor and Minor 1982. p.36-41 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
3 |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
1 |
dative'; other relations are marked by verbal postpositions |
Weir 1984 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
1 |
affected non-subject suffix; various postpositions |
Martins 2004 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
3 |
The case markers in Desano are the specific object marker -re, the locative marker -ge, and bẽrã 'with, accompaniment, intrument'. |
Miller 1999, p. 57 |
|
Both -ge and -bẽrã may be followed by -re. |
|
| Cubeo |
5 |
Cubeo has five case marking suffixes that can be attached to pronouns and nouns. (the subject case is unmarked.) |
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 110 |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
0 |
|
Stenzel 2004, p. 166 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
2 |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.33 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
4 |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.47 |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
6 |
4 morphemes which mark case: -re occurs on NP in the roles of object, experiencer, benefactee, and manner; rãka occurs on noun phrases of accompaniment and instrument; -hu marks locations or times; and ya marks the genitive. |
Jones & Jones 1991, p.65-72 |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
8 |
Retuarã uses postpositions to mark case using the eight markers; -re/-te 'Term', -rã 'Loc', -reka 'Loc.Spec', -ka-gener/number 'Abl', -pe 'Instr', -ka 'Com', -rʔsi 'Ben', -ri-gender/number 'Poss' |
Strom 1992, p.37 |
|
|
|
| Siona |
1 |
At least 7 apparent cases. |
Wheeler - 1987:124-130 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
2+ |
locative -ro, referential (oblique) -re |
Ramirez 1997: 204 |
|
|
|
| Yanomami |
2 |
could be interpreted as 4 cases. suffix -nɨ marks ergative and instrumental (possibly distinct because ins. Can be used with an intrans. Verb), and clitic =e marks 'oblique' and possessive/possessed case (can appear with either head or dependent in Yanom |
Ramirez 1994: 195-198, 179-180 |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
3 |
agentive, oblique, commitative |
Goodwin-Gomez, p.76-79 |
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
3 |
ergative and instrumental indicated with the same morpheme |
Borgman 1990, p. 119-126 |
|
several suffixes used for several meanings |
|
| Surui |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
1 |
This suffix is attached to non-core arguments |
Everett 2006:304-8 |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
10 |
postpositions |
Cruz 2011:197 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
2 |
Not sure about it. Subjects are not marked by case; objects are marked when they are person and animal but they take different postpositions; and indirect objects are all marked. |
Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:130-1 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
10 |
marked by postposition |
Vallejos 2010:279-304 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Jingulu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Wambaya |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Bunuba |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Walmajarri |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Nyulnyul |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Warrwa |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Worrorra |
no info |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Garrwa |
yes |
|
4 |
|
|
1 |
| Gooniyandi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Warlpiri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bardi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
yes |
|
79 |
|
|
1 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
yes |
|
1, 54 |
|
|
1 |
| Yidiny |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yanyuwa |
yes |
|
13 |
|
|
1 |
| Yandruwandha |
yes |
|
75-105 |
|
|
1 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
yes |
|
14 |
|
|
1 |
| Woiwurrung |
yes |
|
67 |
|
|
1 |
| Wirangu |
yes |
|
47 |
|
|
1 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
yes |
|
H 28 |
|
|
1 |
| Warumungu |
yes |
|
18 |
|
|
1 |
| Wangkumara |
yes |
|
4, 22 |
|
|
1 |
| Uradhi |
Yes |
|
335 |
|
|
1 |
| Paakantyi |
yes |
|
54 |
|
|
1 |
| Pitta-Pitta |
yes |
|
193 |
|
|
1 |
| Pintupi |
yes |
|
43; 45; 50-62 |
|
|
1 |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
yes |
|
47-58 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngiyambaa |
yes |
|
82-84 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngayawang |
yes |
|
6 |
|
|
1 |
| Muruwari |
yes |
|
52 |
|
|
1 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
yes |
|
51 |
|
|
1 |
| Martuthunira |
yes |
|
63-99 |
|
|
1 |
| Marrgany |
yes |
|
302 |
|
|
1 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
Yes |
|
148 |
|
|
1 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
yes |
|
45 |
|
|
1 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
yes |
|
389 |
|
|
1 |
| Kaurna |
yes |
|
5 |
|
|
1 |
| Kalkatungu |
yes |
|
29 |
|
|
1 |
| Jaru |
yes |
|
55 |
|
|
1 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
yes |
|
47 |
|
|
1 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
yes |
|
254 |
|
|
1 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
yes |
|
110 |
|
|
1 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
Yes |
|
38 |
|
|
1 |
| Dyirbal |
yes |
|
42 |
|
|
1 |
| Duungidjawu |
yes |
|
25 |
|
|
1 |
| Djinang |
Yes |
|
27 |
|
|
1 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
yes |
|
48-50; 114 |
|
|
1 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
yes |
|
46-48 |
|
|
1 |
| Darkinyung |
yes |
|
17, 28 |
|
|
1 |
| Bularnu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Biri |
yes |
|
14 |
|
|
1 |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
yes |
|
57-70 |
|
|
1 |
| Batyala |
Yes |
|
5 |
|
|
1 |
| Arabana |
yes |
|
61 |
|
|
1 |
| Alyawarr |
yes |
|
69-70 |
|
|
1 |
| Nyikina |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
Yes |
|
20 |
|
|
1 |
| Wathawurrung |
yes |
|
71 |
|
|
1 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
yes |
|
75 |
|
|
1 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
yes |
|
26 |
|
|
1 |
| Thanggati |
yes |
|
11, 23 |
|
|
1 |
| Katthang |
yes |
|
30 |
|
|
1 |
| Panyjima |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Ngarinyeri |
yes |
|
18 |
|
|
1 |
| Kurrama |
yes |
|
24 |
|
|
1 |
| Yingkarta |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Githabul |
yes |
|
9 |
|
|
1 |
| Gunya |
yes |
|
302 |
|
|
1 |
| Kunjen |
yes |
|
29 |
|
|
1 |
| WesternTorres |
yes |
|
FO 136 |
|
|
1 |
| Wakaya |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yindjilindji |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Bandjalang |
yes |
|
52 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
yes |
|
48 |
|
|
1 |
| Arrernte |
Yes |
|
126 |
|
|
1 |
| Kokatha |
Yes |
|
52 |
|
|
1 |
| Karajarri |
Yes |
|
113 |
|
|
1 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
Yes |
|
Y 16 |
|
|
1 |
| Ritharrngu |
Yes |
|
33 |
|
|
1 |
| Warrgamay |
Yes |
|
28 |
|
|
1 |
| Warluwarra |
yes |
|
881 |
|
|
1 |
| Warnman |
Yes |
|
14 |
|
|
1 |
| Djapu |
yes |
|
34 |
|
|
1 |
| Bilinarra |
yes |
|
4.0999999999999996447 |
|
|
1 |
| Wiradjuri |
yes |
|
m286 |
|
|
1 |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
Yes |
|
51 |
|
|
1 |
| Narungga |
Yes |
|
64 |
|
|
1 |
| Tharrkari |
Yes |
|
24-5 |
|
|
1 |
| Wajarri |
Yes |
|
39 |
|
|
1 |
| Warungu |
yes |
|
164 |
|
|
1 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
no info |
author talks about obliques, but does not specify how many |
Payne and Payne 1990 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
5+ |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
