Case: only non-core arguments morphologically marked
- Category
- Nominal Categories - Case and adpositions
- Notes
- Subjects, objects, beneficiaries/recipients NOT marked, but other grammatical relations are
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 71 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 51 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:214 | ||||
| Alyawarr | no | 69-70 | 0 | |||
| Andoke | no | subject, others marked | Landaburu 1979: 158-165 | |||
| Apurinã | no | Beneficiaries/recipients are marked as goals. | Facundes, 2000: 389 | |||
| Arabana | no | 60-88 | 0 | |||
| Arrernte | No | 126 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | limited, see above | Payne 1981:110111 | |||
| Añun | no | non-core cases not morphological | Patte 1989 | |||
| Bandjalang | No | 52 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | yes | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.65 | ||||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | yes | Aikhenvald, 1995: 15 | ||||
| Batyala | No | 5 | 0 | |||
| Baure | yes | Danielsen 2007: p116, Figure 4.2 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no | 0 | ||||
| Bilinarra | no | 4.1, 5.1.1, 5.2.1 | 0 | |||
| Biri | no | 14 | 0 | |||
| Bora | no | Seifart - 2005: 68 | ||||
| Bularnu | no | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
| Cabecar | yes | Dative is marked morphologically in contrast to nominative and accusative cases which are not. Other non-core cases are morphologicalli marked. | Bourland 1976:85 | |||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | no | Huayhua Pari 2001: 253 | Subjects are marked by the suffix jha (xa in Huayhua Pari), which Deza Galindo says acts as a definite article. | |||
| Chemehuevi | no | |||||
| Comanche | no | |||||
| Cubeo | no | objects marked by suffix | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 110 | The suffix -RE is used to mark both direct and indirect objects, as well as certain locative and temporal nouns. | ||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | no | |||||
| Darkinyung | no | 16 | 0 | |||
| Desano | no | Miller 1999, p. 57 | ||||
| Dharawal | no | 0 | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 0 | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no | 32-4 | 0 | |||
| Djinang | No | 27 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 25 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 42 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | yes | Subjects, objects and genitives do not get case. Payne provides a list of postpositions, some of which are marked on the noun | Payne 2012:291-292 | |||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no | 4 | 0 | |||
| Githabul | No | 9 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:82, 155-6 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no | 98 | 0 | |||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 254, 264-5 | 0 | |||
| Guna | yes | subject and object not marked. Other arguments are | Smith texts | |||
| Gunya | No | 302 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 47 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 26 | 0 | |||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | no | Frank 1985:46 | ||||
| Ingá | no | Parks 1990:76 | ||||
| Jaru | no | 55 | 0 | |||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | no | Silva 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | no | 27 | 0 | |||
| Karajarri | No | 113 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | yes | Everett 2006:304-8 | ||||
| Katthang | no | 30 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | No | 5 | 0 | |||
| Kawaiisu | no | |||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | yes | Vallejos 2010:518 | two types of dative markers: one for interlocutors and another for intralocutors | |||
| Kokatha | No | 52 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.47-51 | ||||
| Kotiria | no | Stenzel 2004, p. 171 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 389 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 0 | ||||
| Kunjen | No | 29 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | no | 23-62 | 0 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 148 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | yes | core arguments not marked, at least locative is marked | Buenaventura - 1993:52 | |||
| Maipure | no | Zamponi 2003:34 | ||||
| Makiritare | yes | Hall 1988: 296-297 | ||||
| Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.31-32 | ||||
| Makushi | no | Carson 1982: 78-79 | ||||
| Mapudungun | yes | Zúñiga 2006, p. 194-7 | ||||
| Marrgany | No | 302 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | no | 0 | ||||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 75 | 0 | |||
| Matses | no | Fleck:280-1 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 51 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.36-41 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no | 53 | 0 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | displaced subject of transitive verb marked with DAT (Weir 1984:275-6) | Weir 1984 | |||
| Nanti | yes | There is a locative case marker, but other semantically oblique arguments use an “applicative” marker on the verb. | Michael, 2008. p. 340-355 | |||
| Narungga | No | 64 | 0 | |||
| Naso | no | postpositions, not case markers | Quesada 2000 | |||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 48 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No | 18 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No | 6 | 0 | |||
| Ngiyambaa | no | 81 | 0 | |||
| Nhanta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nheengatu | no | beneficiaries/recepients marked by posposition | Cruz 2011 | two types of dative markers: one for interlocutors and another for intralocutors | ||
| Ninam | no | ergative is marked | Goodwin-Gomez, p.76-78 | |||
| Northern Emberá | no | Mortensen 1999:47-57 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | no | |||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no | 0 | ||||
| Palikur | yes | Launey 2003:149 | ||||
| Panyjima | no | 0 | ||||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:130-1 | ||||
| Paresi | no info | Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 | ||||
| Pemon | no | de Armellada 1999: 54 | Only the subject of a transivite verb seems to ever be obligatorily marked. | |||
| Piapoco | no | Dative marking on recipients. | Galindo, 2002: 209 | |||
| Pintupi | no | 45 | 0 | |||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | Y 16 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 193 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | no | "agent in transitive (ERG) [is marked]" | Giron 2008: p195 | |||
| Páez | no | Jung:114-28 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:26-7 | ||||
| Resígaro | no | The dative case marker marks the recipient in a ditransitive. | Allin, 1976: 238 | |||
| Ritharrngu | No | 33 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no | Only the absolutive isn't marked | Borgman 1990, p. 119-126 | |||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | no | |||||
| Sikuani | yes | e.g. benefactive, causal, associative, locative | Queixalós 2000:78 | |||
| Siona | no | Both core and non-core can be marked, depending on the case. | Wheeler - 1987:124-130 | |||
| Southern Paiute | ||||||
| Southern Ute | no | |||||
| Surui | no info | Van der Meer (?):2 | no info on oblique cases | |||
| Tanimuca | no | Strom 1992, p.37 | ||||
| Tariana | no | Aikhenvald, 2003: 139-140 | ||||
| Thanggati | no | 11 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 24-5 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | no | Montes 2004b:51-53 | ||||
| Timbisha | no | |||||
| Tukano | yes | Ramirez 1997: 204 | ||||
| Uradhi | No | 335 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | yes | Olawsky:224-44 | ||||
| Wajarri | No | 39 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no | 4, 22 | 0 | |||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | no | Other grammatical relations (dative, instrumental, etc.) can get case markings, but they are not the primary--and certainly not the only--set. | Santos 2006:216 | |||
| Warlpiri | no | s(examples throughout) | 0 | |||
| Warluwarra | no | 881 | 0 | |||
| Warnman | No | 14 | 0 | |||
| Warrgamay | No | 28 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Warumungu | No | 18 | 0 | |||
| Warungu | no | 164 | 0 | |||
| Wathawurrung | no | 71 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | no | Mejía 2000:88-89 | ||||
| Wayuu | no | Mansen & Captain, 2000: 800 | ||||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 28 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | no | FO 122 | 0 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | No | 47 | 0 | |||
| Woiwurrung | no | 67 | 0 | |||
| Worrorra | yes? | 44, ms1.7 | 1 | |||
| Yagua | no | beneficiaries/recipients marked with the dative | Payne and Payne 1990:379 | two types of dative markers: one for interlocutors and another for intralocutors | ||
| Yalarnnga | no | 14 | 0 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no | 75-105 | 0 | |||
| Yanesha' | yes | Duff-Tripp 1997:35 | ||||
| Yanomami | no | Only the absolutive is not marked | Ramirez 1994: 195-198, 179-180 | |||
| Yanyuwa | no | 13 | 0 | |||
| Yavitero | n/a | All grammatical relations indicated with prepositions. | Mosonyi, 1987: 54 | |||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no | 54-60 | 0 | |||
| Yindjilindji | no | 504 | 0 | |||
| Yine | yes | recipient marked with an "indirective" | Matteson 1965 | |||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 79 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | no | Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 38 | ||||
| Yulparija | No | 20 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 38 | 0 |
| Language |
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