Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
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Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
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Achagua | yes | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 71 | ||||
Aché | no info | |||||
Adnyamathanha | ||||||
Aghu-Tharnggala | Yes | 51 | 1 | |||
Aguaruna | yes | Overall 2007:21-30 | ||||
Alyawarr | yes | 69-70 | 1 | |||
Andoke | yes | Landaburu 1979: 155-169 | assumed from lack of information otherwise | |||
Apurinã | yes | Facundes notes that instrumental marking is limited to inanimates, while associative marking is limited to humans. Other case markers do not seem to be limited. | Facundes, 2000: 385-390 | |||
Arabana | no | 60-61 | 0 | |||
Arrernte | Yes | 126 | 1 | |||
Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Mostly inanimates, which are possible/plausible objects. | Payne 1981:110111 | |||
Añun | yes | Patte 1989 | ||||
Bandjalang | No | 54 | 0 | |||
Baniwa | yes | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
Barasano | yes | Jones & Jones 1991, p.65-72 | ||||
Bardi | yes | 1 | ||||
Bare | yes | Aikhenvald, 1995: 15 | ||||
Batyala | no info | 5 | x | |||
Baure | yes | Danielsen 2007: p116, Figure 4.2 | ||||
Bidjara-Gungabula | yes | 1 | ||||
Bilinarra | yes | 4.1, 5.1.1, 5.2.1 | 1 | |||
Biri | yes | 14 | 1 | |||
Bora | no | Seifart - 2005:68 | ||||
Bularnu | yes | 1 | ||||
Bunuba | yes | 1 | ||||
Cabecar | no info | |||||
Cahuilla | yes | |||||
Central Aymara | yes | Huayhua Pari 2001: 263 | Both instruments and animates can use the same case suffixes, such as mpi | |||
Chemehuevi | yes | |||||
Comanche | no | |||||
Cubeo | no | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 111 | ||||
Cupeño | no | |||||
Damana | yes | |||||
Darkinyung | yes | 16 | 1 | |||
Desano | yes | Miller 1999, p. 57 | The specific object marker -re occurs at the end of the noun phrase and marks specific, referential partients of transitive verbs, experienceers, and spatial-temporal expressions to establish a new frame and give further references to that frame. | |||
Dharawal | yes | 1 | ||||
Dharuk | ||||||
Diyari | yes | 1 | ||||
Djabugay | ||||||
Djapu | no | 33 | 0 | |||
Djinang | Yes | 27 | 1 | |||
Duungidjawu | yes | 25 | 1 | |||
Dyirbal | yes | 42 | 1 | |||
Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
Eñepa | yes | Payne 2012:291 | ||||
Gabrielino | yes | |||||
Garrwa | yes | 4-6 | 1 | |||
Githabul | yes | 9 | 1 | |||
Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
Guaymí | yes | Quesada 2008:155-67 | ||||
Gugu-Badhun | yes | 1 | ||||
Gumbaynggirr | yes | 254, 264-5 | 1 | |||
Guna | yes | Smith texts | ||||
Gunya | yes | 302 | 1 | |||
Gupapuyngu | ||||||
Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
Guugu-Yimidhirr | yes | 47 | 1 | |||
Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | yes | 26 | 1 | |||
Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
Idaho Shoshone | yes | |||||
Ika | no | Frank 1985:49 | ||||
Ingá | no | Levinson 1978:7 | ||||
Jaru | no | 55 | 0 | |||
Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 | ||||
Kakua | no | innanimates optionally marked when occuring with animate. Obligatorily marked when with innanimate | Bolaños fieldnotes | |||
Kalkatungu | yes | 27-38 | 1 | |||
Karajarri | Yes | 113 | 1 | |||
Karitiana | yes | However, the marking of case may be absent in certain morphological contexts. | Everett 2006:304-8 | |||
Katthang | yes | 30 | 1 | |||
Kaurna | yes | 5 | 1 | |||
Kawaiisu | yes | |||||
Kinikinau | no info | |||||
Kitanemuk | yes | |||||
Kogi | no info | |||||
Kokama | yes | Vallejos 2010:279-304 | ||||
Kokatha | Yes | 52 | 1 | |||
Koreguaje | yes | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.47 | ||||
Kotiria | yes | Stenzel 2004, p. 171 | ||||
Kugu-Nganhcara | yes | 389 | 1 | |||
Kuku Yalanji | yes | 50 | 1 | |||
Kunjen | yes | 29 | 1 | |||
Kurrama | yes | 23-62 | 1 | |||
Kuuk Thaayorre | Yes | 148 | 1 | |||
Luiseño | yes | |||||
Macaguan | no info | same suffix attached to noun and its possessive pronoun (depending on the noun's class) | Buenaventura - 1993:50 | |||
Maipure | yes | Zamponi 2003:21-35 | ||||
Makiritare | no | Case marked by independent postpositions | Hall 1988: 287-300 | |||
Makuna | yes | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.33 | ||||
Makushi | yes | "[the agent marker] is not used with subjects of intransitive verbs"; only subjects of transitive verbs are marked (unmarked absolutive). | Carson 1982: 79 | |||
Mapudungun | yes | Zúñiga 2006, p. 194-7 | ||||
Marrgany | yes | 302 | 1 | |||
Martuthunira | no | 66 | 0 | |||
Mathi-Mathi | yes | 76 | 1 | |||
Matses | yes | Fleck:280 | ||||
Mayi-Yapi | yes | 51 | 1 | |||
Minica Witoto | yes | Minor and Minor 1982. p. 31 | ||||
Mpakwithi | ||||||
Muruwari | yes | 53 | 1 | |||
Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no info | when the subject of transitive verb is displaced, it is marked with DAT (Weir 1984:275-6) | Weir 1984 | |||
Nanti | no | There is only one case marker, which is a locative marker, so by default most of the marked nouns would be inanimates. It's unclear what happens with animates. | Michael, 2008. p. 354-355 | |||
Narungga | Yes | 64 | 1 | |||
Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
Ngaatjatjara | yes | 48 | 1 | |||
Ngarinyeri | yes | 18 | 1 | |||
Ngarinyin | ||||||
Ngayawang | yes | 6 | 1 | |||
Ngiyambaa | yes | 81 | 1 | |||
Nhanta | yes | 46 | 1 | |||
Nheengatu | yes | Cruz 2011 | ||||
Ninam | yes | Goodwin-Gomez, p.76-80 | ||||
Northern Emberá | yes | Mortensen 1999:47-57 | Catío | |||
Northern Paiute | no | |||||
Nyangumarta | yes | 1 | ||||
Nyikina | yes | 1 | ||||
Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
Paakantyi | yes | 1 | ||||
Palikur | yes | Launey 2003 | ||||
Panyjima | yes | 136-137 | 1 | |||
Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:130-1 | ||||
Paresi | no info | Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 | ||||
Pemon | yes | de Armellada 1999: 16-25, 54-5 | ||||
Piapoco | yes | Examples show case marking on a number of types of entities, including animate and inanimate. | Galindo, 2002: 209-218 | |||
Pintupi | yes | 50 | 1 | |||
Pitjantjatjara | Yes | Y 16 | 1 | |||
Pitta-Pitta | yes | 196 | 1 | |||
Puinave | yes | Giron 2008: p194-208 | ||||
Páez | no info | |||||
Quechua Ayacuchano | yes | Parker 1965:26-7, Perroud 1973:16-20 | ||||
Resígaro | yes | Allin gives lots of examples, there do not seem to be any restrictions. | Allin, 1976: 238-279 | |||
Ritharrngu | Yes | 33 | 1 | |||
Sanumá | no | Borgman 1990, p. 119-126 | no discussion of this, and from data in other languages, I'm assuming not | |||
Serrano | yes | |||||
Shoshone | yes | |||||
Sikuani | yes | Queixalós 2000:78 | ||||
Siona | yes | Although animate/inanimate NPs can be treated differently, they both can be marked. | Wheeler - 1987:124-130 | |||
Southern Paiute | yes | |||||
Southern Ute | yes | |||||
Surui | yes | Van der Meer (?):2 | no info on oblique cases | |||
Tanimuca | no | Strom 1992, p.59-61 | ||||
Tariana | yes | Aikhenvald, 2003: 140-148 | ||||
Thanggati | yes | 11-12 | 1 | |||
Tharrkari | No | 24-5 | 0 | |||
Tikuna | no | Faco Soares 1993:92-93 | ||||
Timbisha | yes | |||||
Tukano | yes | Ramirez 1997 | based on examples | |||
Uradhi | No | 335 | 0 | |||
Urarina | yes | Olawsky:224-44 | ||||
Wajarri | Yes | 39 | 1 | |||
Wakaya | yes | 1 | ||||
Walmajarri | yes | 1 | ||||
Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
Wangkumara | yes | 1 | ||||
Waorani | no | Orr et all. 1991:22 | Non-human object usually do not take the corresponding object-marking postposition | |||
Wapishana | yes | Santos, 2006: 215 | ||||
Warlpiri | no info | 0 | ||||
Warluwarra | no | 881 | 0 | |||
Warnman | Yes | 14 | 1 | |||
Warrgamay | Yes | 28 | 1 | |||
Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
Warumungu | yes | 18 | 1 | |||
Warungu | yes? | 169 | 1 | |||
Wathawurrung | yes | 72-73 | 1 | |||
Waunana | no info | Mejía 2000:88-89 | ||||
Wayuu | yes | No indication that there are restrictions on the type of entity to which a case marker can attach. Many examples are of inanimates. | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 800 | |||
Wemba-Wemba | yes | H 28-30 | 1 | |||
Western Mono | yes | |||||
WesternTorres | no | K85b 63 | 0 | |||
Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
Wirangu | yes | 46 | 1 | |||
Woiwurrung | no info | x | ||||
Worrorra | no info | X | ||||
Yagua | yes | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
Yalarnnga | yes | 14-17 | 1 | |||
Yan-nhangu | ||||||
Yandruwandha | yes | 75-105 | 1 | |||
Yanesha' | no | Case does not occur in core arguments. Thus, this questions is not applicable to the Yanesha case | Duff-Tripp 1997:36 | |||
Yanomami | yes | except absolutive, which is not marked | Ramirez 1994: 195-198, 179-180 | |||
Yanyuwa | yes | 13 | 1 | |||
Yavitero | no | No case marking. | Mosonyi, 1987: 52-55 | |||
Yawuru | ||||||
Yidiny | yes | 1 | ||||
Yindjibarndi | yes | 46, 54 | 1 | |||
Yindjilindji | yes | 1 | ||||
Yine | yes | Matteson 1965 | ||||
Yingkarta | yes | 1 | ||||
Yir Yoront | ||||||
Yorta Yorta | yes | 79 | 1 | |||
Yugambeh | ||||||
Yukuna | yes | No subset is mentioned, the examples include both case-marked animates and inanimates. | Shauer & Shauer, p. 37-38 | |||
Yulparija | Yes | 20 | 1 | |||
Yuwaalaraay | Yes | 38 | 1 |
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