| Cahuilla |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
no |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 71 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
no |
|
Allin, 1976: 238-279 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
no |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995: 15 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
no |
Examples show case marking on a number of types of entities, including animate and inanimate. |
Galindo, 2002: 209-218 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
no |
No subset is mentioned, the examples include both case-marked animates and inanimates. |
Shauer & Shauer, p. 37-38 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
no |
|
Mosonyi, 1987: 52-55 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
no |
|
Santos, 2006: 215 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
no |
|
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 800 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
no |
|
Aikhenvald, 2003: 140-148 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
no |
|
Facundes, 2000: 385-390 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
yes |
Mostly inanimates are marked. |
Payne 1981:110111 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no |
|
Zamponi 2003:21-35 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
no |
Case does not occur in core arguments. Thus, this questions is not applicable to the Yanesha case |
Duff-Tripp 1997:36 |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
no |
|
Danielsen 2007: p116, Figure 4.2 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
no |
|
Michael, 2008. p. 354-355 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no info |
|
Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no |
|
Launey 2003 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no |
|
Matteson 1965 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no |
|
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
yes |
|
Seifart - 2005:68 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
no |
Case marked by independent postpositions |
Hall 1988: 287-300 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
no |
|
Carson 1982: 79 |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Pemon |
no |
|
de Armellada 1999: 16-25, 54-5 |
|
|
|
| Guna |
no |
|
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
yes |
Ergative case is dependent on the pragamtic status of the subject with respect to the object. The subject gets ergative case if it is less "given" than the object |
Frank 1985:49 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no |
|
Quesada 2008:155-67 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
no |
No evidence of cases. Instead, Sikuani utilizes a very intricate verbal agreement system. |
Queixalós 2000:78 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no info |
|
Buenaventura - 1993 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
no |
|
Overall 2007:21-30 |
|
However, some NP can be left without case mark according to a EAH |
|
| Northern Emberá |
no |
|
Mortensen 1999:47-57 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
yes |
|
Orr et all. 1991:22 |
|
|
|
| Ingá |
yes |
Specificity is required to marked object NPs with accusative case. Unspecific NPs do not get accusative case. |
Levinson 1978:7 |
|
|
|
| Matses |
no |
|
Fleck:280 |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
yes |
|
Zúñiga 2006, p. 194-7 |
|
|
|
| Páez |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
no |
|
Parker 1965:26-7, Perroud 1973:16-20 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
yes |
Only the animate object NPs can receive the accusative case (which is marked by the "dative" case) |
Faco Soares 1993:92-93 |
|
|
|
| Urarina |
no |
|
Olawsky:224-44 |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
no info |
|
Mejía 2000:88-89 |
|
|
|
| Andoke |
no |
|
Landaburu 1979: 155-169 |
|
assumed from lack of information otherwise |
|
| Puinave |
no |
|
Giron 2008: p194-208 |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
no |
|
Huayhua Pari 2001: 263 |
|
|
|
| Kakua |
yes |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no info |
|
Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
no |
|
Minor and Minor 1982. p. 31 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
yes |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
no info |
|
Weir 1984 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
yes |
appears to be limited to animates |
Martins 2004 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
no |
|
Miller 1999, p. 57 |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
yes |
most of the cases where the object marker is omitted, it is inanimate |
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 111 |
|
The factors influencing when -RE may be omitted from a (nonincorporated) direct object, leaving it without an overt case marker, are the inanimacy of the object, introducing an animate object, and in lists. |
|
| Kotiria |
no |
|
Stenzel 2004, p. 171 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
no |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.33 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
no |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.47 |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
no |
|
Jones & Jones 1991, p.65-72 |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
yes |
animates |
Strom 1992, p.59-61 |
|
The suffix -re marks subjects or objects which are human or referred to by a proper name. |
|
| Siona |
no |
|
Wheeler - 1987:124-130 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
no |
|
Ramirez 1997 |
|
no evidence for this |
|
| Yanomami |
no |
|
Ramirez 1994: 195-198, 179-180 |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
no |
|
Goodwin-Gomez, p.76-80 |
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
no |
|
Borgman 1990, p. 119-126 |
|
no discussion of this, and from data in other languages, I'm assuming not |
|
| Surui |
no |
|
Van der Meer (?):2 |
|
no info on oblique cases |
|
| Karitiana |
no |
|
Everett 2006:304-8 |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no |
|
Cruz 2011 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
yes |
It is kind of unexpected in terms of EAH that human and animal nouns are marked when they appear as objects but pronouns are not… |
Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:130-1 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
|
Vallejos 2010:279-304 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Jingulu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Wambaya |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Bunuba |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Walmajarri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyulnyul |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Warrwa |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Worrorra |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Garrwa |
no |
|
4-6 |
|
|
0 |
| Gooniyandi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Warlpiri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bardi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no |
|
79 |
|
|
0 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
no |
|
54, 98-100 |
|
|
0 |
| Yidiny |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yanyuwa |
no |
|
13 |
|
|
0 |
| Yandruwandha |
no |
|
75-105 |
|
|
0 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
no |
|
14-17 |
|
|
0 |
| Woiwurrung |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wirangu |
No |
|
46 |
|
|
0 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
yes |
|
H 28-30 |
|
|
1 |
| Warumungu |
No |
|
18 |
|
|
0 |
| Wangkumara |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Uradhi |
Yes |
|
335 |
|
|
1 |
| Paakantyi |
no |
|
77, 120 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitta-Pitta |
No |
|
196 |
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
yes |
|
50 |
|
|
1 |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
no |
|
46 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngiyambaa |
no |
|
81 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngayawang |
No |
|
6 |
|
|
0 |
| Muruwari |
no |
|
53 |
|
|
0 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
34 |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
yes |
|
66 |
|
|
1 |
| Marrgany |
No |
|
302 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
148 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
389 |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
No |
|
5 |
|
|
0 |
| Kalkatungu |
no |
|
27-38 |
|
|
0 |
| Jaru |
no |
|
55 |
|
|
0 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No |
|
47 |
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
no |
|
254, 264-5 |
|
|
0 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
No |
|
38 |
|
|
0 |
| Dyirbal |
No |
|
42 |
|
|
0 |
| Duungidjawu |
no |
|
25 |
|
|
0 |
| Djinang |
No |
|
27 |
|
|
0 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Darkinyung |
no |
|
16 |
|
|
0 |
| Bularnu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Biri |
no |
|
14 |
|
|
0 |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Batyala |
no info |
|
5 |
|
|
x |
| Arabana |
yes |
|
60-61 |
|
|
1 |
| Alyawarr |
no |
|
69-70 |
|
|
0 |
| Nyikina |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
No |
|
20 |
|
|
0 |
| Wathawurrung |
no |
|
72-73 |
|
|
0 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
76 |
|
|
0 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
no |
|
26 |
|
|
0 |
| Thanggati |
no |
|
11-12 |
|
|
0 |
| Katthang |
no |
|
30 |
|
|
0 |
| Panyjima |
no |
|
136-137 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngarinyeri |
No |
|
18 |
|
|
0 |
| Kurrama |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yingkarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Githabul |
No |
|
9 |
|
|
0 |
| Gunya |
No |
|
302 |
|
|
0 |
| Kunjen |
No |
|
29 |
|
|
0 |
| WesternTorres |
yes |
|
K85b 63 |
|
|
1 |
| Wakaya |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yindjilindji |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bandjalang |
yes |
|
54 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
No |
|
48 |
|
|
0 |
| Arrernte |
No |
|
126 |
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
No |
|
52 |
|
|
0 |
| Karajarri |
No |
|
113 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
No |
|
Y 16 |
|
|
0 |
| Ritharrngu |
No |
|
33 |
|
|
0 |
| Warrgamay |
No |
|
28 |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
yes |
|
881 |
|
|
1 |
| Warnman |
No |
|
14 |
|
|
0 |
| Djapu |
yes |
|
33 |
|
|
1 |
| Bilinarra |
no |
|
4.1, 5.1.1, 5.2.1 |
|
|
0 |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
51 |
|
|
0 |
| Narungga |
No |
|
64 |
|
|
0 |
| Tharrkari |
Yes |
|
24-5 |
|
|
1 |
| Wajarri |
No |
|
39 |
|
|
0 |
| Warungu |
no? |
|
169 |
|
|
0 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
no |
|
Payne and Payne 1990 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
no |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
