Case: suffix or postpositional clitic
- Category
- Nominal Categories - Case and adpositions
- Notes
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | yes | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 71 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | Yes | 51 | 1 | |||
| Aguaruna | yes | Overall 2007:214 | ||||
| Alyawarr | yes | 69 | 1 | |||
| Andoke | yes | Landaburu 1979: 155-169 | ||||
| Apurinã | yes | Facundes, 2000: 385 | ||||
| Arabana | yes | 61 | 1 | |||
| Arrernte | Yes | 126 | 1 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | Payne 1981:110111 | ||||
| Añun | no | Patte 1989 | ||||
| Bandjalang | yes | 53 | 1 | |||
| Baniwa | yes | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | yes | Jones & Jones 1991, p.65 | ||||
| Bardi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Bare | yes | Aikhenvald, 1995: 15 | ||||
| Batyala | Yes | 5 | 1 | |||
| Baure | yes | POSS, NOM, LOC, DIST, ABS | Danielsen 2007: p116, Figure 4.2 | |||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | yes | 1 | ||||
| Bilinarra | yes | 4.0999999999999996447 | 1 | |||
| Biri | yes | 14 | 1 | |||
| Bora | yes | Seifart - 2005:68 | ||||
| Bularnu | yes | 33 | 1 | |||
| Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
| Cabecar | yes | Bourland 19865:85 | ||||
| Cahuilla | yes | |||||
| Central Aymara | yes | Huayhua Pari 2001: 253 to 264 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | yes | |||||
| Comanche | yes | |||||
| Cubeo | yes | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 110 | Cubeo has five case marking suffixes that can be attached to pronouns and nouns. (the subject case is unmarked.) | |||
| Cupeño | yes | |||||
| Damana | yes | suffix | ||||
| Darkinyung | yes | 16 | 1 | |||
| Desano | yes | Miller 1999, p. 57 | The case markers in Desano are the specific object marker -re, the locative marker -ge, and -bẽrã 'with, accompaniment, intrument'/ Both -ge and -bẽrã may be followed by -re. | |||
| Dharawal | yes | 46 | 1 | |||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | yes | 1 | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | yes | 34-5 | 1 | |||
| Djinang | Yes | 27 | 1 | |||
| Duungidjawu | yes | 25 | 1 | |||
| Dyirbal | yes | 42 | 1 | |||
| Dâw | yes | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | yes | Thomas Payne 1989; Payne 2012: | ||||
| Gabrielino | yes | |||||
| Garrwa | yes | 4-6 | 1 | |||
| Githabul | yes | 9 | 1 | |||
| Gooniyandi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Guaymí | yes | Quesada 2008:82, 155-6 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | yes | 98 | 1 | |||
| Gumbaynggirr | yes | 254, 264-5 | 1 | |||
| Guna | yes | postpositional clitics for obliques | Smith texts | |||
| Gunya | yes | 302 | 1 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | yes | 47 | 1 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | yes | 26 | 1 | |||
| Hup | yes | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | yes | |||||
| Ika | yes | postposition | Frank 1985:46 | |||
| Ingá | yes | Levinson 1978:6-7, Parks 1990:76 | ||||
| Jaru | yes | 55 | 1 | |||
| Jingulu | yes | 1 | ||||
| Kaingang | yes | Silva 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | yes | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | yes | 27 | 1 | |||
| Karajarri | Yes | 113 | 1 | |||
| Karitiana | yes | Everett 2006:304-8 | ||||
| Katthang | yes | 30 | 1 | |||
| Kaurna | yes | 5 | 1 | |||
| Kawaiisu | yes | |||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | yes | |||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | yes | marked by postposition | Vallejos 2010:279-304 | |||
| Kokatha | Yes | 52 | 1 | |||
| Koreguaje | yes | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.47 | ||||
| Kotiria | yes | Stenzel 2004, p. 171 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | yes | 389 | 1 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | yes | 1 | ||||
| Kunjen | yes | 29 | 1 | |||
| Kurrama | yes | 23 | 1 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | Yes | 148 | 1 | |||
| Luiseño | yes | |||||
| Macaguan | yes | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | yes | Zamponi 2003:34 | ||||
| Makiritare | no | Case marked by independent postpositions | Hall 1988: 287-300 | |||
| Makuna | yes | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, | ||||
| Makushi | yes | Carson 1982: 78 | ||||
| Mapudungun | yes | Zúñiga 2006, p. 194-7 | ||||
| Marrgany | yes | 302 | 1 | |||
| Martuthunira | yes | 63 | 1 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | yes | 75 | 1 | |||
| Matses | yes | Fleck:280-1 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | yes | 34 | 1 | |||
| Minica Witoto | yes | Minor and Minor 1982. p.36 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | yes | 53 | 1 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | yes | dative postposition, variant is verbal prefix | Weir 1984 | |||
| Nanti | yes | Michael, 2008. p. 354-355 | ||||
| Narungga | Yes | 64 | 1 | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | yes | 48 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | yes | 18 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | yes | 3 | 1 | |||
| Ngiyambaa | yes | 82-84 | 1 | |||
| Nhanta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nheengatu | yes | Cruz 2011: | ||||
| Ninam | yes | Goodwin-Gomez, p.76-78 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | yes | Mortensen 1999:10-1 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | ||||||
| Nyangumarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyikina | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyungar | yes | d46-7 | 1 | |||
| Paakantyi | yes | 54-55 | 1 | |||
| Palikur | yes | Launey 2003 | ||||
| Panyjima | yes | 136-137 | 1 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | yes | postpostional clitic | Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:130-1 | |||
| Paresi | yes | based on examples | Rowan and Burgess 1979:32 | |||
| Pemon | yes | de Armellada 1999: 54 | ||||
| Piapoco | yes | Galindo, 2002: 114 | ||||
| Pintupi | yes | 45 | 1 | |||
| Pitjantjatjara | Yes | Y 16 | 1 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | yes | 193 | 1 | |||
| Puinave | yes | N-case; up to two can be combined and affixed to a stem | Giron 2008: p194 | |||
| Páez | yes | Jung:114-28 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | yes | Parker 1965:26-7 | ||||
| Resígaro | yes | All 21 case markers follow the NP | Allin, 1976: 238-279 | |||
| Ritharrngu | Yes | 33 | 1 | |||
| Sanumá | yes | Borgman 1990, p. 119-126 | ||||
| Serrano | yes | |||||
| Shoshone | yes | |||||
| Sikuani | yes | oblique cases marked as suffixes | Queixalós 2000:78 | |||
| Siona | yes | Wheeler - 1987:124-130 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | yes | |||||
| Southern Ute | yes | |||||
| Surui | yes | Van der Meer (?):2 | no info on oblique cases | |||
| Tanimuca | no | The case markers are postposition clitics on the last word in the noun phrase. | Strom 1992, p.59 | |||
| Tariana | yes | Aikhenvald, 2003: 139-140 | ||||
| Thanggati | yes | 11 | 1 | |||
| Tharrkari | Yes | 24-5 | 1 | |||
| Tikuna | yes | Faco Soares 1993:92-93 | ||||
| Timbisha | yes | |||||
| Tukano | yes | Ramirez 1997: various pages/examples | ||||
| Uradhi | Yes | 335 | 1 | |||
| Urarina | yes | Olawsky:224-44 | ||||
| Wajarri | Yes | 39 | 1 | |||
| Wakaya | yes | 1 | ||||
| Walmajarri | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wambaya | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wangkumara | yes | 4, 22 | 1 | |||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | yes | Usually suffixes. | Santos, 2006: 215 | |||
| Warlpiri | no info | 0 | ||||
| Warluwarra | yes | 881 | 1 | |||
| Warnman | Yes | 14 | 1 | |||
| Warrgamay | Yes | 28 | 1 | |||
| Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Warumungu | yes | 18 | 1 | |||
| Warungu | yes | 164, 174 | 1 | |||
| Wathawurrung | yes | 71 | 1 | |||
| Waunana | yes | Mejía 2000:88-89 | ||||
| Wayuu | yes | Mansen & Captain (2000) note that case is usually marked with a suffix, but, on rare occasions, most of the case markers can be free words as well. They can be cliticized to either a personal prefix or the noun. | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 800 | |||
| Wemba-Wemba | yes | H 28 | 1 | |||
| Western Mono | yes | |||||
| WesternTorres | yes | examples throughout | 1 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | yes | 47 | 1 | |||
| Woiwurrung | yes | 67 | 1 | |||
| Worrorra | yes | 44-6 | 1 | |||
| Yagua | yes | Payne and Payne 1990:378 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | yes | 14-17 | 1 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | yes | 75-105 | 1 | |||
| Yanesha' | yes | Duff-Tripp 1997:35 | ||||
| Yanomami | yes | Ramirez 1994: 195-198, 179-180 | ||||
| Yanyuwa | yes | 13 | 1 | |||
| Yavitero | no | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 52-53 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yindjilindji | yes | 504 | 1 | |||
| Yine | no | no case markers | Matteson 1965 | |||
| Yingkarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | yes | 79 | 1 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | yes | Postpositions | Shauer & Shauer, p. 37-38 | |||
| Yulparija | Yes | 20 | 1 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | Yes | 38 | 1 |
| Language |
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