| Cahuilla |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
no |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
yes |
One' and 'two' seem to be basic, 'three' is two + one, but "four" refers to a specific finger on the hand. |
Allin, 1976: 202 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
no info |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995: 21 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
no info |
Galindo (2002) notes that there are different roots for the numbers 1-4, but not whether these are transparent. |
|
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
no info |
|
Shauer & Shauer, 1978: 49-50, Shauer & Shauer, 2000: 520 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
no |
|
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 78 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
yes |
5 = whole hand (with 1, 2, 3, and 4 meaning respective number of digits of the hand) |
Santos 2006 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
no |
|
Captain, 2005 (numerals database) |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
yes |
Four is a calque from Tucano, something along the lines of "the one who has a companion." |
Aikhenvald, 2003: 217 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
no info |
epi-epi-hãtu-kapanu 'five' is often translated as 'a handful' but this seems to be more due to the complexity of the phrase. No discussion of other numerals. |
Facundes, 2000: 359-360 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
no |
|
Payne 1981; Payne 1982; Payne 1983 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no info |
|
Zamponi 2003:31 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
no info |
|
Duff-Tripp |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
no info |
|
Danielsen 2007 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
no info |
|
Michael, 2008. p. 311-312 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no info |
|
Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no info |
|
Launey 2003 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
yes |
5 - one hand |
Matteson 1965 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no |
|
Patte 1989:57-58 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
no |
|
Seifart - 2005:130-131 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
yes |
5 = one hand |
Hall 1988: 303; Escoriaza 1959:13 |
|
"two" functions as a postposition meaning 'with' in the sense of accompaniment, the word for zero occurs as a sentence-level negation marker. |
|
| Makushi |
no |
|
Carson 1982: 68-73 |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Pemon |
yes |
sak-ne-ne "4" would come from sak-ne "2" as meaning two times 2 |
de Armellada 1999: 67 |
|
mia and yenna both mean hand |
|
| Guna |
no |
|
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
no |
But based on the list of 1-10 numbers, it seems that there is not etymological transparency. |
|
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no |
|
Quesada 2008:91-3 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
no info |
no data observed so far |
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
yes |
five 'hand', four comes from 'accompany' |
Queixalós 1988 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no |
|
Buenaventura - 1993 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
yes |
For numeral 4: ipak usumtɨt "8finger used to) paint with annato (e.g. index figer) |
Overall 2007:163 |
|
From 4 up to 10 |
|
| Northern Emberá |
yes |
Only the numeral for five is etymological transparent: "hand all" |
Aguirre 1999:83 |
|
Chamí |
|
| Waorani |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ingá |
no |
|
Levinson 1974:40 |
|
|
|
| Matses |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
no info |
apparently no |
|
|
|
|
| Páez |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
no |
|
Parker 1965:35 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Urarina |
yes |
The number for 2 can be related to the verb "help" |
Olawsky:277-8 |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Andoke |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Puinave |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
no |
|
Huayhua Pari 2001: 212 |
|
The first five numbers correspond to the five toes, but I don't think that that is reflected in the actual word. |
|
| Kakua |
yes |
one=one, two=two+be.accompanied, three= two+three |
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no info |
|
Goncalves 2011:294 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
no info |
|
Minor and Minor 1982 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
yes |
2 = 'eye-quantity'. 3 = 'rubber-tree-seed quantity'; (in Umari Norte dialect) 'without sibling' |
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
yes |
rubber tree seed' = 3 |
Weir 1984 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
yes |
Martins:2005:391. part of the word for 'three' is etymological transparent with the 'totalizador' marker wap |
Martins 2004 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
yes |
five= 'one hand' |
Miller 1999, p. 46 |
|
yuhu 'one', bõhõtõ-ki-bãhã- 'hand' |
|
| Cubeo |
yes |
|
|
|
pɨka 'two'(p74) |
|
| Kotiria |
yes |
five means 'one hand; |
Stenzel 2004, p. 189 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
no |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.39 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
no |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.42-43 |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
no |
The word for 'five' is koho-bõ-kõ-rõ (one-hand-count-NOM) |
Jones & Jones 1991, p.36 |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
no |
|
Strom 1992, p.50 |
|
|
|
| Siona |
yes |
5 = "hand" |
Wheeler - 1970:79; Wheeler - 1987:119 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
yes |
5 = one hand |
Huber and Reed |
|
based on comparing forms to other words listed in Huber and Reed Swadesh list |
|
| Yanomami |
no |
|
Mattei-Muller 2007 |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
no |
|
Migliazza 1972, IDS list |
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
no |
|
Migliazza 1972 |
|
|
|
| Surui |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
yes |
Only for 5 ɨj pɨt "our hand" |
Everett 2006:315-7 |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no info |
|
Cruz 2011 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
no info |
|
Ayala 1996:103-4 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
|
Vallejos 2010:264 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Jingulu |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wambaya |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bunuba |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Walmajarri |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Nyulnyul |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warrwa |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Worrorra |
no |
|
ms9.1 |
|
|
0 |
| Garrwa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Gooniyandi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Warlpiri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bardi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no |
|
82 |
|
|
0 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yidiny |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yanyuwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yandruwandha |
no |
|
Breen dictionary |
|
|
0 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Woiwurrung |
no |
|
96 |
|
|
0 |
| Wirangu |
No |
|
70 |
|
|
0 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
no |
|
H Dictionary 23 |
|
|
0 |
| Warumungu |
No |
|
27 |
|
|
0 |
| Wangkumara |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Uradhi |
No |
|
424 |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
no |
|
84 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitta-Pitta |
No |
|
238 |
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nyungar |
no |
|
d50, dWordlist |
|
|
0 |
| Nhanta |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Ngiyambaa |
no |
|
73 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngayawang |
No |
|
10 |
|
|
0 |
| Muruwari |
no |
|
84, 334 |
|
|
0 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
198 |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
no |
|
190 |
|
|
0 |
| Marrgany |
No |
|
371 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
85 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
65 |
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
477 |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
No |
|
20 wordlist |
|
|
0 |
| Kalkatungu |
no |
|
192 |
|
|
0 |
| Jaru |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No |
|
176 |
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no |
|
38, 65 |
|
|
0 |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
no |
|
277 |
|
|
0 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yuwaalaraay |
No |
|
155 |
|
|
0 |
| Dyirbal |
No |
|
240 |
|
|
0 |
| Duungidjawu |
no |
|
40 |
|
|
0 |
| Djinang |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
no |
|
56 |
|
|
0 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Darkinyung |
no |
|
130 |
|
|
0 |
| Bularnu |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Biri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Batyala |
No |
|
209 |
|
|
0 |
| Arabana |
no |
|
103-5 |
|
|
0 |
| Alyawarr |
no |
|
159 |
|
|
0 |
| Nyikina |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
No |
|
65 |
|
|
0 |
| Wathawurrung |
no |
|
144, 146 |
|
|
0 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
73 |
|
|
0 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
no |
|
151 |
|
|
0 |
| Thanggati |
no |
|
40 |
|
|
0 |
| Katthang |
no |
|
72 |
|
|
0 |
| Panyjima |
no |
|
word list, O: Adjectival Nominals |
|
|
0 |
| Ngarinyeri |
No |
|
22 |
|
|
0 |
| Kurrama |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yingkarta |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Githabul |
No |
|
33 |
|
|
0 |
| Gunya |
No |
|
371 |
|
|
0 |
| Kunjen |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| WesternTorres |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wakaya |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yindjilindji |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bandjalang |
No |
|
200 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
No |
|
151 |
|
|
0 |
| Arrernte |
No |
|
81 |
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Karajarri |
No |
|
304 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
No |
|
G 92 |
|
|
0 |
| Ritharrngu |
No |
|
246 |
|
|
0 |
| Warrgamay |
No |
|
131 |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warnman |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Djapu |
no |
|
176 |
|
|
0 |
| Bilinarra |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wiradjuri |
no |
|
26 |
|
|
0 |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
159 |
|
|
0 |
| Narungga |
No |
|
56 |
|
|
0 |
| Tharrkari |
No |
|
18 |
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
No info |
|
36 |
|
|
x |
| Warungu |
no |
|
159 |
|
|
0 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
no info |
|
Payne and Payne 1990 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
yes |
four, five |
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
