Tense or aspect inflection on non-verbal predicates
- Category
- Nominal Categories - Other nominal
- Notes
- i.e. nominal or adjectival
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | yes | The tense and modal markers can occur on nominal predicates | Melendez, 1998: 141 | |||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 51 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | yes | Overall 2007:241 | ||||
| Alyawarr | no | 123 | 0 | |||
| Andoke | no info | |||||
| Apurinã | no | Future marking can attach to noun, pronoun, numeral, and particle bases, but this isn't exclusive to predicative constructions (future marker is a clitic). In examples of non-verbal clauses, none have tense/aspect marking. | Facundes, 2000: 410, 504 | |||
| Arabana | no | 292 | 0 | |||
| Arrernte | No | 166 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | adjectives as a predicate may take aspect | Mihas 2010:145 | |||
| Añun | yes | not on nominals, but on adjectives and adverbials | Patte 1989 | |||
| Bandjalang | No | 39 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | yes | Deverbal nouns are generally formed by a verb root plus tense marker plus a nominalizer suffix. | Jones & Jones 1991, p.42 | |||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | no | Nouns and adjectives can be predicated, but undergo verbalizing derivation | Aikhenvald, 1995: 39-40 | |||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | no | Tense is not marked in verbs either | Danielsen 2007:273 | |||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no info | x | ||||
| Bilinarra | no | 7.2.5 | 0 | |||
| Biri | no info | x | ||||
| Bora | yes | Nominal. | Seifart - 2005:72-73 | |||
| Bularnu | no | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | no info | |||||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | ||||||
| Cubeo | yes | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p.65 | ||||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | yes | adjectival | ||||
| Darkinyung | no | 16-24 | 0 | |||
| Desano | no | Miller 1999, p. 125 | ||||
| Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 93; 101 | 0 | |||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no | 103-4 | 0 | |||
| Djinang | No | 27 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 23 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 55 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | no | copula takes tense/aspect | Payne 2012:303-306 | |||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | yes | 72-3 | 1 | |||
| Githabul | No | 22 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
| Guaymí | yes | This past tense marker is added to the noun | Alphonse 1956:6 | |||
| Gugu-Badhun | no | 0 | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 0 | ||||
| Guna | no | only imperfective -na on nouns | Smith texts | |||
| Gunya | No | 326 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 46 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 68 | 0 | |||
| Hup | yes | perfective, inchoative | Epps 2008 | |||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | no | Frank 1985:25-6, 46-59 | ||||
| Ingá | no | Levinson 1978:5-23 | ||||
| Jaru | no | 0 | ||||
| Jingulu | yes | 1 | ||||
| Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no info | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | no info | x | ||||
| Karajarri | No | 177 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:296, 308-12 | ||||
| Katthang | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaurna | No | 0 | ||||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | yes | Tense, aspect and mood can occur in a noun in a nominal predicate construction | Souza 2008:126 | |||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | yes | on nouns | Vallejos 2010:426 | |||
| Kokatha | No | 28 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.15-40 | ||||
| Kotiria | no info | Stenzel 2004 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 399 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 0 | ||||
| Kunjen | No | 73 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | no | 184 | 0 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 75 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | no info | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | no | author calls a -mi- suffix tense. Only occurs on nouns | Zamponi 2003:27 | |||
| Makiritare | no | Hall 1988: 301, also B.2.5 | ||||
| Makuna | no info | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993 | no info/not expected | |||
| Makushi | yes | Aspect (on nouns). | Carson 1982:112 | |||
| Mapudungun | no | Actually, in the non-verbal predicates there is no copula. So, neither tense nor person is marked. | Zúñiga 2006, p. 225 | |||
| Marrgany | No | 314 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | no | 0 | ||||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 102 | 0 | |||
| Matses | no | Fleck:231-321 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 0 | ||||
| Minica Witoto | no info | Minor and Minor 1982. p.71-78 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | yes | 190-2 | 1 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | Weir 1984 | ||||
| Nanti | no | “Roots” can be either adjectival or verbal. When they are “verbal,” they take aspect inflection, but when they are adjectival, they don't. When adjectival predication is used, a copular form is used. | Michael, 2008. p. 310-313 | |||
| Narungga | No | 73 | 0 | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 30 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No | 0 | ||||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | no | 0 | ||||
| Nhanta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nheengatu | yes | perfective particle can be cliticized to noun | Cruz 2011:463 | |||
| Ninam | no | Goodwin-Gomez | no evidence for this | |||
| Northern Emberá | no | Mortensen 1999:8-14, 33-4 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | ||||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Palikur | no | Launey 2003:59 | ||||
| Panyjima | no | 0 | ||||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no info | |||||
| Paresi | no info | Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 | ||||
| Pemon | no info | more likely not | ||||
| Piapoco | yes | Adjectives can take all inflection that verbs can, while nominals cannot. | Galindo, 2002: 238-241, 263-264 | |||
| Pintupi | no | 0 | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | Y 6 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 193 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | no | However, "The word formed by a noun plus a case may at the same time take marker of tense and modality." | Giron 2008: p196 | |||
| Páez | no | Rojas:253-7 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no info | |||||
| Resígaro | no | Adjective words and noun roots can be predicates, but these do not have slots for tense or aspect inflection. | Allin, 1976: 285-286 | |||
| Ritharrngu | No | 74 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no info | Borgman 1990 | probably not | |||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | ||||||
| Sikuani | yes | on nominal | Queixalós 1998:82-83 | |||
| Siona | no info | Wheeler - 1987:116-176 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | ||||||
| Southern Ute | ||||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | yes | Strom 1992, p.41-42 | ||||
| Tariana | yes | Nouns have tense, but a noun in the predicate slot can take the clausal tense-evidentiality marking on top of nominal tense. | Aikhenvald, 2003: 187 | |||
| Thanggati | no | 43 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 24 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | no | Montes 2004b:80 | ||||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | no | West and Welch 2004 | no evidence for this | |||
| Uradhi | No | 334 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | no | Olawsky:298-330 | ||||
| Wajarri | No | 39 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | no | Santos 2006 | ||||
| Warlpiri | no | LG27 | 0 | |||
| Warluwarra | no | 0 | ||||
| Warnman | No | 45 | 0 | |||
| Warrgamay | No | 45 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Warumungu | yes | 30 | 1 | |||
| Warungu | no info | X | ||||
| Wathawurrung | no | 77 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | yes | In nominal predicates tense is marked | Mejía 2000:88 | |||
| Wayuu | no | No tense/aspect inflection on the examples given, but it's not explicit. | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 803 | |||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 41 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | no info | x | ||||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | No | 0 | ||||
| Woiwurrung | no | 76 | 0 | |||
| Worrorra | no | 0 | ||||
| Yagua | no info | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no info | x | ||||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no info | x | ||||
| Yanesha' | no | Duff-Tripp 1997:69-124 | ||||
| Yanomami | no | Ramirez 1994 | no evidence of this | |||
| Yanyuwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Yavitero | yes | To express past or future time, the same indicators are used as in the verbal conjugation. | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 87-88 | |||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no info | x | ||||
| Yindjilindji | no | 502 | 0 | |||
| Yine | yes | on nouns | Matteson 1965:97 | |||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 79, 83 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | yes | Shauer & Shauer, 2000: 301 | ||||
| Yulparija | No | 19 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 74 | 0 |
| Language |
|---|
Showing 1 to 193 of 193 entries