Word-final coda required
- Category
- Phonology - Segmental
- Notes
- Do all syllables end in a consonant?
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 14 | ||||
| Aché | no | Rossler 2008:59 | ||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 38 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:58 | ||||
| Alyawarr | no | 0 | ||||
| Andoke | no | Landaburu 1979, p.53 | ||||
| Apurinã | no | Facundes, 2000: 87 | ||||
| Arabana | no | 25 | 0 | |||
| Arrernte | No | 78 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | no | Payne 1980:710 | ||||
| Añun | no | Patte 1989:25 | ||||
| Bandjalang | No | 25 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | no | (c)v | Jones & Jones 1991, p.10 | |||
| Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
| Bare | no | Aikhenvald, 1995: 6 | ||||
| Batyala | No | 4 | 0 | |||
| Baure | no | Danielsen 2007: p61 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no | 21 | 0 | |||
| Bilinarra | no | 2.2.1.2 | 0 | |||
| Biri | no | 11 | 0 | |||
| Bora | no | Seifart - 2005:34-46 | ||||
| Bularnu | no | 10 | 0 | |||
| Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | no | Huayhua Pari 2001: 66 | ||||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | ||||||
| Cubeo | no | (C)V | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 6 | |||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | no | |||||
| Darkinyung | no | 11 | 0 | |||
| Desano | no | Miller 1999, p. 15 | ||||
| Dharawal | no | 37 | 0 | |||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 15 | 0 | |||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no | 20 | 0 | |||
| Djinang | No | 6 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 20 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | No | 272 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004:13-15, 68-70 | ||||
| Eñepa | no | Payne 2012 | ||||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no | examples throughout | 0 | |||
| Githabul | No | 2 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:47-8 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no | 82 | 0 | |||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | xix | 0 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith | ||||
| Gunya | No | 290 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no | 0 | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 40 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 23 | 0 | |||
| Hup | no | but preferred | Epps 2008 | |||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | no | Frank 1990:11 | ||||
| Ingá | no | codas are optional *(C)# | Levinson 1976:21-2 | |||
| Jaru | no | 37, 44 | 0 | |||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | no | many examples of open syllables | Cavalcante 1987:31 | |||
| Kakua | no | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | no | cf 8-9b | 0 | |||
| Karajarri | No | 49 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:15-93 | ||||
| Katthang | no | 21 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | No | 2 | 0 | |||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | no | Souza 2008:68 | ||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010:112 | ||||
| Kokatha | No | 17 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.10 | ||||
| Kotiria | no | Waltz p. 33 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 378 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 22 | 0 | |||
| Kunjen | No | 14 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | no | 0 | ||||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 44 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | no | Buenaventura - 1993:28 | ||||
| Maipure | no | Zamponi 2003:18 | ||||
| Makiritare | no | Hall 1988: 214-259 | ||||
| Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p. 26 | ||||
| Makushi | no | Abbott 1991: 140-148 | ||||
| Mapudungun | no | Salas 1992, p.73-92 | ||||
| Marrgany | No | 290 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | no | 25-50 | 0 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 59 | 0 | |||
| Matses | no | Based on the example words the author gives such as ta "mother" | Fleck:77 | |||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 27 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | no | all huitoto words end in vowels | Minor and Minor 1982. p.8 | All words end in vowels. (borrowed spanish vocab is convertted to conform to this) | Vowel use is very high (diphthongs are part of this) | |
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no | 37 | 0 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | Barbosa 2005 | ||||
| Nanti | no | Michael, 2008. p. 221 | ||||
| Narungga | No | 39 | 0 | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 11 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | No | 9 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No | 0 | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | no | 35 | 0 | |||
| Nhanta | no | 23 | 0 | |||
| Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011:62 | ||||
| Ninam | no | Migliazza 1972: p.154 | ||||
| Northern Emberá | no | Aguirre 1999:17-8 | Chamí | |||
| Northern Paiute | no | |||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyungar | no | wordlist and d33 | 0 | |||
| Paakantyi | no | 15 | 0 | |||
| Palikur | no info | Launey 2003 | ||||
| Panyjima | no | 133-134 | 0 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:22 | ||||
| Paresi | no | Brandão 2010:11 | ||||
| Pemon | no | Pessoa 2005 | ||||
| Piapoco | no | Sudo, 1976 p. 9 and Galindo, 1992, p. 62 | ||||
| Pintupi | no | 0 | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | Y 38 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 188 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | no | Giron 2008: p20 | ||||
| Páez | no | Jung 2000:140-3 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:11-6 | ||||
| Resígaro | no | Allin, 1976, p. 77 | ||||
| Ritharrngu | No | 9 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no | Migliazza 1972: p.205 | ||||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | ||||||
| Sikuani | no | de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985 | ||||
| Siona | no | CV(V) | Wheeler - 1970:21 | |||
| Southern Paiute | ||||||
| Southern Ute | ||||||
| Surui | no | Bontkes and Bontkes 2009:3-4 | ||||
| Tanimuca | no | (C)V(V)(V) | Strom 1992, p.21 | |||
| Tariana | no | CVh codas can be considered the result of Tucano influence | Aikhenvald 2003: 34 | |||
| Thanggati | no | 6 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 6 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | no | Montes 2000:295 | ||||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | no | West and Welch 2004 | no evidence for this | |||
| Uradhi | No | 320 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | no | Olawsky:75 | ||||
| Wajarri | No | 29 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no | 6 | 0 | |||
| Waorani | no | Saint and Pike 1962:14 | no consonant can appear word-finally | |||
| Wapishana | no | Santos, 2006:69 | ||||
| Warlpiri | no | n78 | 0 | |||
| Warluwarra | no | 852 | 0 | |||
| Warnman | No | 11 | 0 | |||
| Warrgamay | No | 21 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Warumungu | No | 9 | 0 | |||
| Warungu | no | 97-105 | 0 | |||
| Wathawurrung | no | 68 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | no | Loewen 1954:18 | ||||
| Wayuu | no | Mansen (1967) gives examples of coda-less words. | Mansen, Richard A. 1967 "Guajiro Phonemes" In Viola G. Waterhouse (ed.) Phonemic Systems of Colombian languages. Norman, OK: SIL International and UT Arlington Publications in Linguistics 14: p. 49 | |||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 9 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | no | K81 125-7 | 0 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wirangu | No | 39 | 0 | |||
| Woiwurrung | no | 63 | 0 | |||
| Worrorra | no | 0 | ||||
| Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990:432 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no | 11 | 0 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no | 10 | 0 | |||
| Yanesha' | no | Fast 1953:191-4 | ||||
| Yanomami | no | Migliazza 1972: p.201 | ||||
| Yanyuwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Yavitero | no | Mosonyi (1987) | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no | 40-41 | 0 | |||
| Yindjilindji | no | 500 | 0 | |||
| Yine | no | Matteson 1965 | ||||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 46 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | no | Shauer and Shauer, 1972, p. 4 | ||||
| Yulparija | No | 17 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 20 | 0 |
| Language |
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