Person inflection on non-verbal predicates
- Category
- Nominal Categories - Other nominal
- Notes
- i.e. nominal or adjectival
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Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no | Melendez, 1998: 141 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | No | 51 | 0 | |||
| Aguaruna | yes | Overall 2007:241 | ||||
| Alyawarr | no | 123 | 0 | |||
| Andoke | no info | |||||
| Apurinã | no | Examples on page 504 do not seem to have person marking, although this may be because they have an overt subject. Facundes notes that non-verbal clauses are formed "solely of the juxtaposition of two NPs." | Facundes, 2000: 504 | |||
| Arabana | no | 287-296 | 0 | |||
| Arrernte | No | 166 | 0 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | adjectives only | Mihas 2010:145 | |||
| Añun | no | Patte 1989 | ||||
| Bandjalang | No | 39 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | yes | The nominalizer suffix may simply be the regular gender-number suffix for nouns or a combined form of gender, number, animacy, and time and space. | Jones & Jones 1991, p.42 | |||
| Bardi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Bare | no | Nouns and adjectives can be predicated, but undergo verbalizing derivation | Aikhenvald, 1995: 39-40 | |||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | yes | Danielsen 2007:179 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no info | x | ||||
| Bilinarra | no | 0 | ||||
| Biri | no | 48 | 0 | |||
| Bora | yes | Mostly adjectival. | Seifart - 2005:31-73 | |||
| Bularnu | no | 0 | ||||
| Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | no info | |||||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | ||||||
| Cubeo | yes | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 126 | Adjectives are inflected to agree in gender or classifier and number with the noun they modify. | |||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | no | |||||
| Darkinyung | yes | 36 | 1 | |||
| Desano | no | Miller 1999, p. 125 | ||||
| Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 0 | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no | 103-4 | 0 | |||
| Djinang | No | 27 | 0 | |||
| Duungidjawu | no | 23 | 0 | |||
| Dyirbal | N/A | 55 | 0 | |||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | no | copula takes tense/aspect | Payne 2012:303-306 | |||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no | 72-3 | 0 | |||
| Githabul | No | 22 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
| Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:49-96 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no | 0 | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 0 | ||||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | No | 326 | 0 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 46 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 26 | 0 | |||
| Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | no | Frank 1985:25-6, 46-59 | ||||
| Ingá | no | Levinson 1978:5-23 | ||||
| Jaru | no | 0 | ||||
| Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no info | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | no info | x | ||||
| Karajarri | No | 177 | 0 | |||
| Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:296, 308-12 | ||||
| Katthang | no | 0 | ||||
| Kaurna | No | 0 | ||||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | yes | Pronouns can be the locus of typical verbal mprphology in nominal predicate constructions | Souza 2008:126 | |||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | no person inflection | Vallejos 2010:426 | |||
| Kokatha | No | 28 | 0 | |||
| Koreguaje | yes | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.36 | ||||
| Kotiria | no info | Stenzel 2004 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | yes | 399 | 1 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | no | 0 | ||||
| Kunjen | No | 73 | 0 | |||
| Kurrama | no | 181-189 | 0 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 75 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | no info | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | no | Zamponi 2003:21-35 | ||||
| Makiritare | no | person markers on possessed nominals, verbs and postpositions | Hall 1988:284 | |||
| Makuna | no info | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993 | no info/not expected | |||
| Makushi | yes | Nominal. | Carson 1982:105 | |||
| Mapudungun | no | To mark possession of pronouns, it is like the first kind of the pronoun is dropped out ad the remaining is the possessive pronoun. It seems that it is better characterized as suppletive forms. | Zúñiga 2006, p. 225 | |||
| Marrgany | No | 314 | 0 | |||
| Martuthunira | no | 0 | ||||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 74 | 0 | |||
| Matses | no | Fleck:231-321 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 0 | ||||
| Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.78 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | yes | 190-2 | 1 | |||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | no | Weir 1984 | ||||
| Nanti | no | “Roots” can be either adjectival or verbal. When they are “verbal,” they take person markers, but when they are adjectival, they don't. When adjectival predication is used, a copular form is used. | Michael, 2008. p. 310-313 | |||
| Narungga | No | 73 | 0 | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | No | 30 | 0 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | yes | 43 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | no | 0 | ||||
| Nhanta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011 | ||||
| Ninam | no | Goodwin-Gomez | no evidence for this | |||
| Northern Emberá | no | Mortensen 1999:8-14, 33-4 | Catío | |||
| Northern Paiute | ||||||
| Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Palikur | no | Launey 2003:59 | ||||
| Panyjima | no | 0 | ||||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no info | |||||
| Paresi | no info | Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 | ||||
| Pemon | no info | more likely not | ||||
| Piapoco | yes | Galindo, 2002: 237 | ||||
| Pintupi | no info | x | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | No | Y 6 | 0 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | No | 193 | 0 | |||
| Puinave | no | Giron 2008: p177-216 | ||||
| Páez | no | Rojas:172-80 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no info | |||||
| Resígaro | no | In the examples, all subjects are expressed by free pronominals. In the discussion of pronouns, pronouns that are bound to nominals have a possessive meaning. | Allin, 1976: 185-187, 285-288 | |||
| Ritharrngu | No | 44 | 0 | |||
| Sanumá | no info | Borgman 1990 | probably not | |||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | ||||||
| Sikuani | no | de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985; Queixalós - 2000 | ||||
| Siona | no info | Wheeler - 1987:116-176 | ||||
| Southern Paiute | ||||||
| Southern Ute | ||||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | yes | Strom 1992, p.41-42 | ||||
| Tariana | no | Aikhenvald, 2003: 122 | ||||
| Thanggati | no | 43 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | No | 24 | 0 | |||
| Tikuna | yes | Names of places may have prefixed person markers as verbs do | Montes 2004b:80 | |||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | no | West and Welch 2004 | no evidence for this | |||
| Uradhi | No | 334 | 0 | |||
| Urarina | yes | Color adjective behaves as verbs | Olawsky:188-9 | |||
| Wajarri | No | 39 | 0 | |||
| Wakaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | no | Santos 2006 | ||||
| Warlpiri | no | LG26-7 | 0 | |||
| Warluwarra | no | 0 | ||||
| Warnman | No | 33 | 0 | |||
| Warrgamay | No | 45 | 0 | |||
| Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Warumungu | No | 0 | ||||
| Warungu | no | 186 | 0 | |||
| Wathawurrung | no | 77 | 0 | |||
| Waunana | no info | |||||
| Wayuu | yes | There is no person inflection on the predicate in equational clauses. However, there does seem to be person marking on the predicate in relational clauses. Both relational and equational clauses use non-verbal predicates. | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 803 | |||
| Wemba-Wemba | yes | H 52 | 1 | |||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | no | cf K85b 66 | 0 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | No | 0 | ||||
| Woiwurrung | no | 76 | 0 | |||
| Worrorra | no | 0 | ||||
| Yagua | yes | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | no | 0 | ||||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no info | x | ||||
| Yanesha' | yes | Duff-Tripp 1997:69-124 | ||||
| Yanomami | no | Ramirez 1994 | no evidence of this | |||
| Yanyuwa | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yavitero | yes | On adjectives, but not on nouns. Nouns indicate person with full NPs or free pronominals. | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 87-88 | |||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjilindji | no | 0 | ||||
| Yine | yes | Matteson 1965:97 | ||||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 79, 83 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | no | There seems to be a copula that gets the person marking (see clause 2 on page 528), but the examples under "attribute clauses" on p. 524 do not have person marking on the predicates. | Shauer & Shauer 2000, p. 524, 528 | |||
| Yulparija | No | 19 | 0 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | No | 74 | 0 |
| Language |
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