Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
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Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
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Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 62 | ||||
Aché | no info | |||||
Adnyamathanha | ||||||
Aghu-Tharnggala | N/A | 51 | 0 | |||
Aguaruna | no | Overall 2007:261-2 | ||||
Alyawarr | no | 0 | ||||
Andoke | no info | |||||
Apurinã | no | Facundes notes that possessive markers on alienably possessed nouns could be analyzed as genitive classifiers, but doesn't push this analysis, seemingly on the basis that the various markers do not have semantic content. | Facundes, 2000: 232-233 | |||
Arabana | no | 102 | 0 | |||
Arrernte | No | 86 | 0 | |||
Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | Payne 1981:4953 | ||||
Añun | no | Patte 1989 | ||||
Bandjalang | N/A | 70 | 0 | |||
Baniwa | no | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.62 | For inanimate possessed elements, a classifier suffix is used. The possessor is generally a personal pronoun. The phrases so formed refer back to some previously-mentioned animate, possessed beings | |||
Bardi | no | 0 | ||||
Bare | no | Aikhenvald, 1995: 13 | ||||
Batyala | no info | x | ||||
Baure | no info | Danielsen 2007 | ||||
Bidjara-Gungabula | no info | x | ||||
Bilinarra | no | 0 | ||||
Biri | n/a | 0 | ||||
Bora | yes | Seifart - 2005:197-198 | ||||
Bularnu | no info | x | ||||
Bunuba | no | 0 | ||||
Cabecar | no info | |||||
Cahuilla | ||||||
Central Aymara | no | |||||
Chemehuevi | ||||||
Comanche | ||||||
Cubeo | no | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 82 | When the possessed item is animate, this agreeing suffix is one of the gender/number suffixes; Similarly, with inanimate objects. | |||
Cupeño | ||||||
Damana | yes | personal, consanguinity | ||||
Darkinyung | n/a | 0 | ||||
Desano | no | Miller 1999, p. 49 | The possessive pronouns are the same as the other personal pronouns in Desano. | |||
Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
Dharuk | ||||||
Diyari | no | 0 | ||||
Djabugay | ||||||
Djapu | no | 0 | ||||
Djinang | N/A | 27 | 0 | |||
Duungidjawu | n/a | 0 | ||||
Dyirbal | No | 61 | 0 | |||
Dâw | no | the poss. Marker is a genitive that can also attach to pronouns. -ɛ̃̀ɟ (suffix) | Martins 2004 | |||
Eñepa | yes | Aikhenvald 2000:127 | ||||
Gabrielino | ||||||
Garrwa | no | 0 | ||||
Githabul | N/A | 11 | 0 | |||
Gooniyandi | no | 0 | ||||
Guaymí | no | Quesada 2008:72-5 | ||||
Gugu-Badhun | no | 0 | ||||
Gumbaynggirr | n/a | 0 | ||||
Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
Gunya | N/A | 0 | ||||
Gupapuyngu | ||||||
Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
Guugu-Yimidhirr | N/A | 0 | ||||
Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | n/a | 0 | ||||
Hup | no | Epps 2008 | ||||
Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
Ika | no | Frank 1985:39-59 | ||||
Ingá | no | Levinson 1974, 1976, 1976b | ||||
Jaru | no | 0 | ||||
Jingulu | no | 0 | ||||
Kaingang | no | classification seems very unlikely | Silva 2011 | |||
Kakua | no | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
Kalkatungu | no | 0 | ||||
Karajarri | N/A | 71 | 0 | |||
Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:296, 303-4 | ||||
Katthang | n/a | 0 | ||||
Kaurna | N/A | 0 | ||||
Kawaiisu | ||||||
Kinikinau | no info | |||||
Kitanemuk | ||||||
Kogi | no info | |||||
Kokama | no | Vallejos 2010:274-276 | ||||
Kokatha | N/A | 52 | 0 | |||
Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.45 | ||||
Kotiria | no | the classifers used in the examples are the same classifiers used when the noun is not possessed | Stenzel 2004, p. 195 | |||
Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 428 | 0 | |||
Kuku Yalanji | no | 0 | ||||
Kunjen | No | 73 | 0 | |||
Kurrama | no | 0 | ||||
Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 83 | 0 | |||
Luiseño | ||||||
Macaguan | yes | Buenaventura 1993:50 | ||||
Maipure | no | Zamponi 2003:24 | ||||
Makiritare | no | Hall 1988: 292 | ||||
Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.40 | ||||
Makushi | no | Carson 1982: 56-58 | ||||
Mapudungun | no info | most likely not | Zúñiga 2006, p. 87-102 | |||
Marrgany | N/A | 0 | ||||
Martuthunira | no | 0 | ||||
Mathi-Mathi | no | 85 | 0 | |||
Matses | no info | |||||
Mayi-Yapi | No | 0 | ||||
Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.41-44 | ||||
Mpakwithi | ||||||
Muruwari | no info | x | ||||
Nadëb/Roçado dialect | yes | alienable constructions only | Weir 1984:85 | |||
Nanti | no | Michael, 2008. p. 332-338 | ||||
Narungga | N/A | 65 | 0 | |||
Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
Ngaatjatjara | N/A | 35 | 0 | |||
Ngarinyeri | N/A | 0 | ||||
Ngarinyin | ||||||
Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
Ngiyambaa | no | 0 | ||||
Nhanta | no | 0 | ||||
Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011:156 | ||||
Ninam | no | goodwin-Gomez, p. 52-53 | ||||
Northern Emberá | no | Aguirre 1999:79-80 | Chamí | |||
Northern Paiute | ||||||
Nyangumarta | no | 0 | ||||
Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
Paakantyi | no | 0 | ||||
Palikur | no | Launey 2003 | ||||
Panyjima | no | 0 | ||||
Paraguayan Guaraní | no info | more likely not | ||||
Paresi | no info | Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 | ||||
Pemon | no | de Armellada 1999: 13 | ||||
Piapoco | no | Galindo, 2002: 92-95 | ||||
Pintupi | no info | x | ||||
Pitjantjatjara | N/A | 0 | ||||
Pitta-Pitta | N/A | 0 | ||||
Puinave | no | Giron 2008: 182-185 | ||||
Páez | no info | |||||
Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:32-46 | ||||
Resígaro | no | The discussion of classifiers does not make this distinction, nor is it found under the discussion of a "limiter" tagmeme. | Allin, 1976: 153-163, 225-227 | |||
Ritharrngu | N/A | 34 | 0 | |||
Sanumá | no info | Borgman 1990: p.126-128 | ||||
Serrano | ||||||
Shoshone | ||||||
Sikuani | yes | Queixalós 1998:42 | ||||
Siona | no | Wheeler - 1970:78 | ||||
Southern Paiute | ||||||
Southern Ute | ||||||
Surui | no info | |||||
Tanimuca | yes | The case marker -rika 'possessive' comes from the verb rika 'to have' and marks a normally human noun phrase as a possessor or owner. | Strom 1992, p.66-67 | The possessive case marker agrees in gender and number with the possessed object. | ||
Tariana | no | In possessive NPs, classifiers can attach to the possessive marker and characterize the possessed noun. However, these are not distinct from noun classifiers. | Aikhenvald, 2003: 87 | |||
Thanggati | n/a | 0 | ||||
Tharrkari | N/A | 26 | 0 | |||
Tikuna | no | Montes 2004b:57-60 | ||||
Timbisha | ||||||
Tukano | no | Ramirez 1997 | there is no evidence for special forms for possession | |||
Uradhi | N/A | 334 | 0 | |||
Urarina | no info | |||||
Wajarri | N/A | 39 | 0 | |||
Wakaya | no info | x | ||||
Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
Wambaya | no | 0 | ||||
Wangkumara | no info | X | ||||
Waorani | no info | |||||
Wapishana | yes | There are classifiers for both possessed and unpossessed; the function appears mostly to help semantically. | Santos, 2006: 121 | |||
Warlpiri | no info | 0 | ||||
Warluwarra | no info | x | ||||
Warnman | N/A | 23 | 0 | |||
Warrgamay | N/A | 28 | 0 | |||
Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
Warumungu | N/A | 0 | ||||
Warungu | no | 0 | ||||
Wathawurrung | no | 74 | 0 | |||
Waunana | no info | |||||
Wayuu | n/a | No classifiers. | Mansen & Captain, 2000 | |||
Wemba-Wemba | no | 0 | ||||
Western Mono | ||||||
WesternTorres | no | 0 | ||||
Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
Wirangu | N/A | 0 | ||||
Woiwurrung | no | 68 | 0 | |||
Worrorra | no | 90 | 0 | |||
Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990 | ||||
Yalarnnga | n/a | 0 | ||||
Yan-nhangu | ||||||
Yandruwandha | no | 0 | ||||
Yanesha' | no | Duff-Tripp 1997:253-67 | ||||
Yanomami | no | Ramirez 1994: 184-189 | no evidence for these | |||
Yanyuwa | no info | x | ||||
Yavitero | no | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 38 | ||||
Yawuru | ||||||
Yidiny | no | 0 | ||||
Yindjibarndi | no | 0 | ||||
Yindjilindji | no info | x | ||||
Yine | no info | Matteson 1965 | ||||
Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
Yir Yoront | ||||||
Yorta Yorta | n/a | 0 | ||||
Yugambeh | ||||||
Yukuna | no | There are markers on the possessed noun that may be acting like classifiers? These occur on the head noun when it's possessed. -te marks animate nouns, and -ne and -re mark inanimates. | Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 520 | |||
Yulparija | N/A | 20 | 0 | |||
Yuwaalaraay | N/A | 30 | 0 |
Language |
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