Morphological marking of alienable possession
- Category
- Nominal Syntax - Possession - Alienability
- Notes
- Where inalienable possession differs from alienable, the latter takes a morphological marker (may include an associated free particle/pronoun)
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | no | Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 20-22 | ||||
| Aché | no info | |||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | Yes | 59 | 1 | |||
| Aguaruna | no info | Overall 2007:261-2 | more likely no | |||
| Alyawarr | yes | 75, 117-9 | 1 | |||
| Andoke | yes | suffix on possessed nouns. The same for all person/number | Landaburu 1979: 160 | |||
| Apurinã | yes | Alienable nouns require one of three suffixes when they are possessed. | Facundes, 2000: 199 | |||
| Arabana | yes | 72-4, 90-6 | 1 | |||
| Arrernte | Yes | 150 | 1 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | They both take morphological marking. A possessed (alienable) noun with no person prefix must have a non-possessive suffix . A possessed (inalianable) noun with a possessive suffix must have a person prefix. | Payne 1981:4953 | |||
| Añun | no | Patte 1989 | ||||
| Bandjalang | No | 70 | 0 | |||
| Baniwa | yes | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Jones & Jones 1991, p.61 | ||||
| Bardi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Bare | yes | Possess alienables have suffix in addition to possessive prefixes, inalienables do not | Aikhenvald, 1995: 14 | |||
| Batyala | no info | x | ||||
| Baure | yes | Danielsen 2007: p118 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no info | x | ||||
| Bilinarra | yes | 4.7.1 | 1 | |||
| Biri | no | 55 | 0 | |||
| Bora | yes | Seifart - 2005:64 | ||||
| Bularnu | yes | 38 | 1 | |||
| Bunuba | yes | 1 | ||||
| Cabecar | no info | |||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | no info | |||||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | ||||||
| Cubeo | yes | possesion of a part by an inamite noun does not require the genitive marker | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 118 | |||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | no | |||||
| Darkinyung | no | 30-31 | 0 | |||
| Desano | yes | Alienable possession used the case marker ya (genitive) | Miller 1999, p. 49 | |||
| Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | no | 0 | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | yes | 124 | 1 | |||
| Djinang | Yes | 199 | 1 | |||
| Duungidjawu | yes | 98-99 | 1 | |||
| Dyirbal | yes | 61 | 1 | |||
| Dâw | no | no info | Martins 2004 | |||
| Eñepa | yes | alienable possessed nouns take genetive classifiers | Panare 2012:81-82 | |||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | yes? | 1 | ||||
| Githabul | N/A | 34 | 0 | |||
| Gooniyandi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Guaymí | no info | |||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no | 0 | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | no | 261 | 0 | |||
| Guna | no | Smith texts | ||||
| Gunya | yes | 308 | 1 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | No | 57 | 0 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | no | 33 | 0 | |||
| Hup | yes | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | no | Frank 1985:55-7 | ||||
| Ingá | no | Levinson 1974, 1976, 1976b | ||||
| Jaru | yes | 194-6 | 1 | |||
| Jingulu | yes | 1 | ||||
| Kaingang | no info | Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 | ||||
| Kakua | no | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | yes | 44-6 | 1 | |||
| Karajarri | Yes | 309 | 1 | |||
| Karitiana | no | Everett 2006:296, 303-4 | ||||
| Katthang | no | 66 | 0 | |||
| Kaurna | No info | x | ||||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | no | Souza 2008:75 | ||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no info | Vallejos 2010:274-276 | ||||
| Kokatha | Yes | 55 | 1 | |||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.45 | no info/not expected | |||
| Kotiria | no | Stenzel 2004, p. 197 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | No | 428 | 0 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | yes | 51 | 1 | |||
| Kunjen | yes | 38-39 | 1 | |||
| Kurrama | yes | 37, 38 | 1 | |||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | No | 325 | 0 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | no info | Buenaventura 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | yes | possessive prefixes + suffixes indicated here. | Zamponi 2003:24 | |||
| Makiritare | no | Hall 1988: 288-289 | ||||
| Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.40-41 | ||||
| Makushi | yes | "The possession suffix must occur on alienably posessed items…. The inalienably possessed item never, except in past possession, occurs with the posession suffix, but only with the possessor prefix" | Abbott 1991: 85 | |||
| Mapudungun | no info | most likely not | Zúñiga 2006, p. 87-102 | |||
| Marrgany | yes | 308 | 1 | |||
| Martuthunira | yes | 1 | ||||
| Mathi-Mathi | no | 82 | 0 | |||
| Matses | no info | |||||
| Mayi-Yapi | No | 45, 48 | 0 | |||
| Minica Witoto | no | Minor and Minor 1982. p.42, 90 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no info | x | ||||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | yes | classifier | Weir 1984 | |||
| Nanti | yes | When possessed, alienable nouns take a possessive prefix and an “alienable possession suffix.” | Michael, 2008. p. 298-300 | |||
| Narungga | Yes | 65 | 1 | |||
| Naso | no | Quesada 2000 | ||||
| Ngaatjatjara | yes | 41 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | yes | 18 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | No info | x | ||||
| Ngiyambaa | yes | 230-231 | 1 | |||
| Nhanta | no | 65, 77 | 0 | |||
| Nheengatu | no | inalienable possession must have possessive prefix | Cruz 2011:156 | |||
| Ninam | yes | different markers used for alienable | Goodwin-Gomez, p.52-56 | |||
| Northern Emberá | no | Aguirre 1999:79-80 | Chamí | |||
| Northern Paiute | ||||||
| Nyangumarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyikina | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | no | 0 | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no | 75 | 0 | |||
| Palikur | no | Launey 2003 | ||||
| Panyjima | yes | 195-196 | 1 | |||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | no | Ayala 1996:85-7 | ||||
| Paresi | yes | Brandão 2010:15 | ||||
| Pemon | no info | de Armellada 1999: 13 | ||||
| Piapoco | yes | Alienable nouns take a suffix when they are possessed which is not found on inalienable nouns. | Galindo, 2002: 93-95 | |||
| Pintupi | no info | x | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | Yes | Y 14 | 1 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | yes | 197 | 1 | |||
| Puinave | no | Giron 2008: 206 | ||||
| Páez | no info | |||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no | Parker 1965:32-46 | ||||
| Resígaro | yes | Allin notes that this set of nouns takes a special morphological marker when possessed. | Allin 1976: 175, 186 | |||
| Ritharrngu | Yes | 24 | 1 | |||
| Sanumá | no info | Borgman 1990: p.126-128 | ||||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | ||||||
| Sikuani | no | No apparent distinction. | de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985; Queixalós - 2000 | |||
| Siona | no | There is no difference in the marking of possession between alienable/inalienable nouns. | Wheeler - 1987:121-125 | |||
| Southern Paiute | ||||||
| Southern Ute | ||||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | no | Strom 1992, p.66-67 | ||||
| Tariana | no | Possession of optionally possessed nouns is indicated by juxtaposition. | Aikhenvald, 2003: 129-130 | |||
| Thanggati | no | 86-87 | 0 | |||
| Tharrkari | Yes | 26 | 1 | |||
| Tikuna | no | Montes 2005:133 | ||||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | yes | clitic yaá= | Ramirez 1997: 324 | |||
| Uradhi | Yes | 378 | 1 | |||
| Urarina | no | Olawsky:331-41 | ||||
| Wajarri | Yes | 48 | 1 | |||
| Wakaya | no info | x | ||||
| Walmajarri | no | 0 | ||||
| Wambaya | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wangkumara | yes | 51-2 | 1 | |||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | yes | Not clear what the situations are that call for the different affixes. Could be phonologically influenced. | Santos 2006:132 | |||
| Warlpiri | no info | 0 | ||||
| Warluwarra | yes | 898 | 1 | |||
| Warnman | Maybe | 23 | 1 | |||
| Warrgamay | Yes | 76 | 1 | |||
| Warrwa | no | 0 | ||||
| Warumungu | yes | 55 | 1 | |||
| Warungu | yes | 636-7 | 1 | |||
| Wathawurrung | no info | x | ||||
| Waunana | yes | Mejía 2000:90 | ||||
| Wayuu | yes | These are only used on noun roots that are not considered inherently posessed in order to make them a possessed root. | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 797 | |||
| Wemba-Wemba | yes | H 34 | 1 | |||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | yes? | FO 127 | 1 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | yes | NP: , PN: 72 | 1 | |||
| Woiwurrung | no info | x | ||||
| Worrorra | yes | ms13.1 | 1 | |||
| Yagua | no | Payne and Payne 1990:348 | ||||
| Yalarnnga | yes | 23, 31 | 1 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | no | 79-80, 118-9 | 0 | |||
| Yanesha' | no | Duff-Tripp 1997:33-4 | ||||
| Yanomami | yes | inalienable is incorporated or uses /-pɨ/ with kin terms | Ramirez 1994: 184-192 | |||
| Yanyuwa | no info | x | ||||
| Yavitero | yes | Mosonyi, 1987: p. 39 | ||||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yindjilindji | no info | x | ||||
| Yine | no | Matteson 1965 | ||||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | no | 57 | 0 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | yes | These markers are found on alienably possessed nouns. | Shauer & Shauer, 2000: 300, Shauer & Shauer, 1978: 47 | |||
| Yulparija | Yes | 29 | 1 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | Yes | 49 | 1 |
| Language |
|---|
Showing 1 to 193 of 193 entries