Underived adjectives
- Category
- Nominal Syntax - Adjectives
- Notes
- There are underived adjectives which do not have counterparts in other word classes
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Languages
| Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|
Language | Feature Status | Grammatical Notes | Source | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Phylogenetic Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | yes | Wilson & Levinsohn 1993: 33 | ||||
| Aché | yes | Rossler 2008:106-123 | ||||
| Adnyamathanha | ||||||
| Aghu-Tharnggala | Yes | 49 | 1 | |||
| Aguaruna | yes | Overall 2007:137-8 | There are about 40 underived adjectives | |||
| Alyawarr | no | 0 | ||||
| Andoke | no info | |||||
| Apurinã | no | Adjectival function accomplished through use of classificatory nouns (CNs) or descriptive verbs. | Facundes, 2000: 432-344 | |||
| Arabana | yes | 60 | 1 | |||
| Arrernte | Yes | 78 | 1 | |||
| Asheninka Apurucayali | yes | very small class of adjectives | Mihas 2010:143 | |||
| Añun | yes | small class of adjectives | Patte 1989:59-61 | |||
| Bandjalang | yes | 32 | 1 | |||
| Baniwa | yes | Ramirez 2001 | ||||
| Barasano | no | Barasano is a verb-adjective language, which is to say that there is a single set of roots which may take either regular verbal inflection and serve as predicates or may take nom, part., and classifiers and serve as modifiers in NP. | Jones & Jones 1991, p.63 | |||
| Bardi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Bare | yes | Aikhenvald, 1995: 25 | ||||
| Batyala | Yes | 3 | 1 | |||
| Baure | yes | Danielsen 2007: p156 | ||||
| Bidjara-Gungabula | no | 80 | 0 | |||
| Bilinarra | n/a | 3.1 | 0 | |||
| Biri | no info | x | ||||
| Bora | no | The adjectives are classifiers. | Seifart - 2005:77-103 | |||
| Bularnu | no info | x | ||||
| Bunuba | yes | 1 | ||||
| Cabecar | yes | Bourland 1976:55 | ||||
| Cahuilla | ||||||
| Central Aymara | yes | Huayhua Pari 2001: 216 | These are the qualifying adjectives and others mentioned in Deza Galindo (1992: 86,87). | |||
| Chemehuevi | ||||||
| Comanche | ||||||
| Cubeo | yes | small class of adjectives distinct from nouns and verbs | Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 124 | The class of nonderived adjectives is small. Among the adjective roots are ape- 'other', bɨkɨ- 'old (animate)', kai- 'entire, all', pedẽ- 'dry', etc. | ||
| Cupeño | ||||||
| Damana | no info | |||||
| Darkinyung | yes | 49 | 1 | |||
| Desano | yes | small set of roots that never occur with verb endings but only classifers | Miller 1999, p. 51 | |||
| Dharawal | no info | x | ||||
| Dharuk | ||||||
| Diyari | yes | 1 | ||||
| Djabugay | ||||||
| Djapu | no? | 0 | ||||
| Djinang | Yes | 21 | 1 | |||
| Duungidjawu | yes | 289-290 | 1 | |||
| Dyirbal | yes | 319 | 1 | |||
| Dâw | no | Martins 2004 | ||||
| Eñepa | yes | It seems that the class of (underived) adjectives in Panare is very restricted in number. | Payne 1993:134 | |||
| Gabrielino | ||||||
| Garrwa | no info | X | ||||
| Githabul | yes | 20 | 1 | |||
| Gooniyandi | yes | 1 | ||||
| Guaymí | yes | Alphonse 1956:4, Quesada 2008:54-7 | ||||
| Gugu-Badhun | no | 0 | ||||
| Gumbaynggirr | yes | 253 | 1 | |||
| Guna | yes | small class (e.g. bipi 'small') | Smith texts | |||
| Gunya | yes | 301 | 1 | |||
| Gupapuyngu | ||||||
| Gureng Gureng | no info | x | ||||
| Guugu-Yimidhirr | yes | 62 | 1 | |||
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | yes | 26 | 1 | |||
| Hup | yes | Epps 2008 | ||||
| Idaho Shoshone | ||||||
| Ika | yes | Frank 1990:19-20 | ||||
| Ingá | yes | Levinson 1974:73-8 | ||||
| Jaru | n/a | 51 | 0 | |||
| Jingulu | yes | 1 | ||||
| Kaingang | yes | Goncalves 2011:294 | ||||
| Kakua | no info | Bolaños fieldnotes | ||||
| Kalkatungu | no | 0 | ||||
| Karajarri | Yes | 73 | 1 | |||
| Karitiana | yes | Everett 2006:308 | ||||
| Katthang | yes | 33 | 1 | |||
| Kaurna | yes | 6 | 1 | |||
| Kawaiisu | ||||||
| Kinikinau | no info | |||||
| Kitanemuk | ||||||
| Kogi | no info | |||||
| Kokama | no | author only discusses adj.-like VPs. Adj word class not apparent | Vallejos 2010 | |||
| Kokatha | Yes | 56 | 1 | |||
| Koreguaje | no | Cook & Criswell 1993, p.36-38 | ||||
| Kotiria | no | Stenzel 2004, p. 105 | ||||
| Kugu-Nganhcara | yes | 386 | 1 | |||
| Kuku Yalanji | yes | 1 | ||||
| Kunjen | yes | 68 | 1 | |||
| Kurrama | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Kuuk Thaayorre | Yes | 85 | 1 | |||
| Luiseño | ||||||
| Macaguan | yes | Buenaventura - 1993 | ||||
| Maipure | no info | Zamponi 2003:21-35 | ||||
| Makiritare | yes | Hall 1988 | ||||
| Makuna | no | Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.41 | ||||
| Makushi | no | "There are no adjectives. Only nouns occur to modify nouns in noun phrases" | Abbott 1991: 128 | |||
| Mapudungun | yes | Zúñiga 2006, p. 187-9 | ||||
| Marrgany | yes | 301 | 1 | |||
| Martuthunira | n/a | 51-55 | 0 | |||
| Mathi-Mathi | yes | 72-73 Mathi Mathi, 185-187 Wati Wati | 1 | |||
| Matses | yes | Fleck:462 | ||||
| Mayi-Yapi | yes | 39 | 1 | |||
| Minica Witoto | yes | Minor and Minor 1982. p.41-44 | ||||
| Mpakwithi | ||||||
| Muruwari | no | 0 | ||||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | yes | little info, but there seem to be a few, e.g. 'small' | Weir 1984 | |||
| Nanti | yes | Michael, 2008. p. 310-311 | ||||
| Narungga | Yes | 55 | 1 | |||
| Naso | yes | small class | Quesada 2000 | |||
| Ngaatjatjara | yes | 40 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyeri | yes | 20 | 1 | |||
| Ngarinyin | ||||||
| Ngayawang | yes | 3 | 1 | |||
| Ngiyambaa | n/a | 70 | 0 | |||
| Nhanta | no info | 74 | x | |||
| Nheengatu | no | Cruz 2011:194 | ||||
| Ninam | no info | Goodwin-Gomez | ||||
| Northern Emberá | no | Aguirre 1999:43 | Chamí | |||
| Northern Paiute | ||||||
| Nyangumarta | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyikina | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyulnyul | yes | 1 | ||||
| Nyungar | no info | x | ||||
| Paakantyi | no info | X | ||||
| Palikur | yes | Green and Green 1972:14 | ||||
| Panyjima | n/a | 0 | ||||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | yes | Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:55 | ||||
| Paresi | yes | However, this category only has four lexemes. This undervied adjectives seem to have a derived historical origin. | Brandão 2010:22 | |||
| Pemon | yes | de Armellada 1999: 253, 254 | Most adjectives, however, are derived from other parts of speech. | |||
| Piapoco | yes | Galindo, 2002: 142 | ||||
| Pintupi | no info | x | ||||
| Pitjantjatjara | Yes | Y 9 | 1 | |||
| Pitta-Pitta | yes | 212 | 1 | |||
| Puinave | no | Giron 2008: p296 | ||||
| Páez | yes | Rojas:179 | ||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | no info | it seems that there are underived adjectives based on the examples | Parker 1965:33, Perroud 1973:25 | |||
| Resígaro | yes | Allin says that adjectives contrast with other parts of speech, although he does note that they co-occur with nominal and verbal word-level suffixes. | Allin, 1976: 193 | |||
| Ritharrngu | Yes | 216 | 1 | |||
| Sanumá | no | descriptive verbs are derived from verbs, quantifiers, however, are underived | Borgman 1990: p. 209 | |||
| Serrano | ||||||
| Shoshone | ||||||
| Sikuani | yes | small class | Queixalós 1998:84 | |||
| Siona | yes | While most of the adjectives are derived from verbs, there is a small set of (possibly borrowed?) underived adjectives. | Wheeler - 1987:117 | |||
| Southern Paiute | ||||||
| Southern Ute | ||||||
| Surui | no info | |||||
| Tanimuca | yes | Strom 1992, p.24 | ||||
| Tariana | yes | Aikhenvald, 2003: 72 | ||||
| Thanggati | yes | 81 | 1 | |||
| Tharrkari | Yes | 18 | 1 | |||
| Tikuna | no | However, Faco Soares (1990:86-87) shows that uderived adjectives exist | Montes 2004:162 | |||
| Timbisha | ||||||
| Tukano | yes | Adjectives appear to be underived, but this is not stated outright | West and Welch 2004: 62-63 | |||
| Uradhi | Yes | 334 | 1 | |||
| Urarina | no | Olawsky:187 | ||||
| Wajarri | Yes | 13 | 1 | |||
| Wakaya | no info | x | ||||
| Walmajarri | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wambaya | yes | 1 | ||||
| Wangkumara | no | 14 | 0 | |||
| Waorani | no info | |||||
| Wapishana | no | Adjectives are formed by taking a word from a different word class and adding an adjectivizing affix (which varies based on semantic goal). | Santos 2006:176 | |||
| Warlpiri | no | 0 | ||||
| Warluwarra | no | 0 | ||||
| Warnman | Yes | 13 | 1 | |||
| Warrgamay | Yes | 27 | 1 | |||
| Warrwa | yes | 1 | ||||
| Warumungu | yes | 18 | 1 | |||
| Warungu | no | 159 | 0 | |||
| Wathawurrung | yes | 84 | 1 | |||
| Waunana | no info | |||||
| Wayuu | yes | They are rare. | Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 798 | |||
| Wemba-Wemba | no | H 25-6 | 0 | |||
| Western Mono | ||||||
| WesternTorres | yes | FO 123-4 | 1 | |||
| Wiradjuri | no info | x | ||||
| Wirangu | yes | 45 | 1 | |||
| Woiwurrung | yes | 96-99 | 1 | |||
| Worrorra | yes | 47 | 1 | |||
| Yagua | yes | very small/limited class | Payne and Payne 1990:416 | |||
| Yalarnnga | no? | 1 | 0 | |||
| Yan-nhangu | ||||||
| Yandruwandha | yes? | 54 | 1 | |||
| Yanesha' | yes | Duff-Tripp 1997:52-60 | ||||
| Yanomami | no | no true adjectives | Lizot 1996: 32-3, Ramirez 1994: various examples | Terribly confusing. There's not a lot of good, direct discussion of adjectives. They pretty much are only either verbs or get incorporated | ||
| Yanyuwa | no info | x | ||||
| Yavitero | yes | Mosonyi suggests a class of adjectives distinction from verbs, on the basis that adjectives take cross-referencing suffixes, while verbs take both suffixes (O) and prefixes (S, A). This may be better described as an active-inactive alignment system. Howev | Mosonyi, 1987: p 55-56 | |||
| Yawuru | ||||||
| Yidiny | yes | 1 | ||||
| Yindjibarndi | no | 0 | ||||
| Yindjilindji | no info | x | ||||
| Yine | yes | Matteson 1965:118 | ||||
| Yingkarta | no | 0 | ||||
| Yir Yoront | ||||||
| Yorta Yorta | yes | 59 | 1 | |||
| Yugambeh | ||||||
| Yukuna | yes | Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 520, Shauer, 1978: 44 | ||||
| Yulparija | Yes | 65 | 1 | |||
| Yuwaalaraay | Yes | 36 | 1 |
| Language |
|---|
Showing 1 to 193 of 193 entries