| Cahuilla |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
yes |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1993: 33 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
yes |
Adjectives show agreement with regard to all nominal suffixes, including classifiers. |
Allin, 1976: 229 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
no |
They have residual gender marking, but on page 20 she says there is no gender agreement. |
Aikhenvald, 1995: 20 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
yes |
|
Galindo, 2002: 143, 340 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
yes |
Adjectives are marked with masculine (unmarked), feminine, or plural markers to agree with the noun they modify. |
Shauer & Shauer, 2000: 302, Shauer & Shauer, 1978: 44 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
yes |
In the third person, 'adjectives' take separate suffixes if they are describing a male or female referent. |
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 56 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
yes |
|
Santos 2006:179 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
no |
Only one glossed example in the section on adjectives--this doesn't have any sort of gender marking. |
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 798 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
yes |
All adjectives require classifier agreement with the head noun. |
Aikhhenvald, 2003: 73 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
n/a |
The language doesn’t have adjectives |
Facundes, 2000: 432-344 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
yes |
agreement with noun |
Mihas 2010:143 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no |
|
Zamponi 2003:30 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
yes |
This is restricted to the classifier the adjective may take; the adjective do not agree with the head noun in number or person |
Duff-Tripp 1997:52 |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no |
|
Couto 2005:48 |
|
|
|
| Baure |
yes |
There are three classes of roots: 2 of which show agreement. |
Danielsen 2007: p156 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
no |
Derived adjectives do not exhibit animacy or gender agreement. Among derived adjectives, gender and animacy agreement is rare. |
Michael, 2008. p. 311-312 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no info |
|
Rowan 1978, Rowan and Burgess 1979, Brandão 2010 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
yes |
|
Green and Green 1972:57 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no info |
|
Matteson 1965 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
yes |
|
Patte 1989:60 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
no |
|
Seifart - 2005:77-103 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
no |
|
Hall 1988 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
no |
"There are no adjectives. Only nouns occur to modify nouns in noun phrases" |
Abbott 1991: 129 |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
no |
gender is not a relevant grammatical category |
Payne 2012 |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
no |
|
de Armellada 1999: 253, 254 |
|
|
|
| Guna |
no |
|
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
no |
Based on the examples |
Frank 1990:19-20 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no |
|
Celedón 1886:9 |
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no |
|
Quesada 2008:54 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
yes |
|
de Kondo (Vol.1,2) - 1985; Queixalós - 2000:5 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no |
|
Buenaventura - 1993 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
no |
|
Overall 2007:137-41 |
|
|
|
| Northern Emberá |
no |
|
Aguirre 1999:43-4 |
|
Chamí |
|
| Waorani |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ingá |
no |
|
Levinson 1974:30 |
|
|
|
| Matses |
no |
|
Fleck:462-521 |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
no |
|
Zúñiga 2006, p. 187-9 |
|
|
|
| Páez |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
no |
The adjective can take case suffixes when it appear alone in the NP |
Parker 1965:33, Perroud 1973:25 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
no |
|
Montes 2004b:55-80 |
|
|
|
| Urarina |
no |
|
Olawsky:187-204 |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Andoke |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Puinave |
no |
However, the "qualificative" word agrees in number with the NP head |
Giron 2008: p296-303 |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
no |
|
Huayhua Pari 2001: 216 to 218 |
|
|
|
| Kakua |
no |
proclitics? |
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no |
not likely, since nouns do not mark gender |
Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
no |
|
Minor and Minor. 1982. p.31 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
no |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
no |
|
Weir 1984 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
no |
|
Martins 2004 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
yes |
|
Miller 1999, p. 51 |
|
These modifiers usually follow the head noun. However, they most often replace the head as a relative clause or a nominalized form followed by a classifier. |
|
| Cubeo |
yes |
Adjectives are inflected to agree in gender and number with the noun they modify (even if that noun is not overt.) |
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 126 |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
yes |
|
Stenzel 2004, p. 202 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
no |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.41 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
yes |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.36-38 |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
yes |
A descriptive noun phrase is formed by a stative verb followed by a gender-number marker or nominalizer. |
Jones & Jones 1991, p.63 |
|
or a participle and a classifier or, for humans, the word bãs- 'human' plus gender-number marker. |
|
| Tanimuca |
no |
The great majority of both adjectives and nouns end with the neuter noun class suffixes -a or -ka |
Strom 1992, p.23-27 |
|
|
|
| Siona |
no |
Very limited instances. may agree with gender of the inanimate noun it modifies. |
Wheeler - 1970:144 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
yes |
animacy and number at least |
West and Welch 2004: 62-63 |
|
|
|
| Yanomami |
no |
|
Lizot 1996: 32-3, Ramirez 1994: various examples |
|
evidenced by various examples in Lizot and Ramirez |
|
| Ninam |
no |
|
Goodwin-Gomez |
|
no evidence for this. |
|
| Sanumá |
no |
|
Borgman: p. 209 |
|
no mention of this, probably not |
|
| Surui |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no |
|
Everett 2006:296, 308-12 |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no |
|
Cruz 2011 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
no |
|
Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:89 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
author only discusses adj.-like VPs. Adj word class not apparent |
Vallejos 2010 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Jingulu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Wambaya |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Bunuba |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Walmajarri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyulnyul |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warrwa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Worrorra |
yes |
|
47 |
|
|
1 |
| Garrwa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Gooniyandi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warlpiri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bardi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no |
|
59 |
|
|
0 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yidiny |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yanyuwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yandruwandha |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Woiwurrung |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wirangu |
No |
|
45 |
|
|
0 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
no |
|
H 26 |
|
|
0 |
| Warumungu |
N/A |
|
43-45 |
|
|
0 |
| Wangkumara |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Uradhi |
N/A |
|
334 |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Pitta-Pitta |
N/A |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngiyambaa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngayawang |
No |
|
9 |
|
|
0 |
| Muruwari |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
34 |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
no |
|
63-99 |
|
|
0 |
| Marrgany |
N/A |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
N/A |
|
87 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
N/A |
|
386 |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
N/A |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Kalkatungu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Jaru |
n/a |
|
51 |
|
|
0 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
N/A |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
no |
|
252 |
|
|
0 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
N/A |
|
30 |
|
|
0 |
| Dyirbal |
No |
|
61 |
|
|
0 |
| Duungidjawu |
no |
|
24 |
|
|
0 |
| Djinang |
No |
|
196 |
|
|
0 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
no |
|
95; 97-98 |
|
|
0 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Darkinyung |
no |
|
49 |
|
|
0 |
| Bularnu |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Biri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Batyala |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Arabana |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Alyawarr |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyikina |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
N/A |
|
20 |
|
|
0 |
| Wathawurrung |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
73 |
|
|
0 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Thanggati |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Katthang |
no |
|
33 |
|
|
0 |
| Panyjima |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngarinyeri |
N/A |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Kurrama |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yingkarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Githabul |
yes |
|
20 |
|
|
1 |
| Gunya |
N/A |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Kunjen |
No |
|
68 |
|
|
0 |
| WesternTorres |
no |
|
FO 123-4, 138 |
|
|
0 |
| Wakaya |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yindjilindji |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bandjalang |
yes |
|
31 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
No |
|
40 |
|
|
0 |
| Arrernte |
N/A |
|
86 |
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
No |
|
56 |
|
|
0 |
| Karajarri |
N/A |
|
71 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
No |
|
G 48 |
|
|
0 |
| Ritharrngu |
No |
|
34 |
|
|
0 |
| Warrgamay |
N/A |
|
28 |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warnman |
N/A |
|
14 |
|
|
0 |
| Djapu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bilinarra |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wiradjuri |
no |
|
m287 |
|
|
0 |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
61 |
|
|
0 |
| Narungga |
N/A |
|
63 |
|
|
0 |
| Tharrkari |
N/A |
|
15 |
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
No |
|
39 |
|
|
0 |
| Warungu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
no |
no gender marked in Yagua |
Payne and Payne 1990 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
yes |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
