| Cahuilla |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
yes? |
The suffix -ni can derive an agent, although no indication that it is confined to this use |
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 51 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
yes |
|
Allin, 1976: 112 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
yes |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995: 21 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
yes |
|
Galindo, 2002: 136 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
no |
There are three nominalizing markers. One seems to be an object nominalizer, (see line 97), suggesting that agentive and action/state nominalizers, if present, aren't productive. |
Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 48 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
yes |
|
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 47 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
yes |
|
Santos 2006 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
no info |
No mention of nominalizing morphology in the morphological template for nouns. |
Mansen & Captain 2000: p. 797 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
no |
Participles are often translated as agent nominalizations, but they mark the predicate of a relative clause. The two agent nominalizing morphemes are non-productive. |
Aikhenvald, 2003: 200, 460 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
yes |
Facundes notes that both nominalizers are not completely productive. |
Facundes, 2000: 244-245 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
yes |
Turns it into a noun, which can then be either subject or object. |
Payne 1981:111 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
yes |
|
Zamponi 2003:27-28 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
yes |
The orthographic form is -añ/-ñ/-aña/-ña |
Duff-Tripp 1997:39 |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
yes |
suffix -no (this suffix also marks the verb of a relative clause); "the product nominalizer -ri... derives nouns as products of verbal action" |
Danielsen 2007: p88, 190 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
yes |
There is one nominalizing morpheme, -rira. This is most often an agentive nominalization, but can also be used for other types of nominalizations. |
Michael, 2008. p. 303-304 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
yes |
|
Rowan 1978:xiv |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
yes |
|
Green and Green 1972:49 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no info |
|
Matteson 1965 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no info |
|
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
no |
|
Seifart - 2005:58-63 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
no info |
|
Hall 1988 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
yes |
|
Abbott 1991: 93 |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
yes |
|
Gildea 1993:48 |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
yes |
There are four suffixes (which each have a plural form as well as a singular one) that are used to create agents. Which one you use depends on the transitivity of the verb and its tense. |
de Armellada 1999: 159 to 165 |
|
|
|
| Guna |
no |
|
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no info |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
yes |
|
Frank 1990:19 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
yes |
|
Ortiz 1994:384 |
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
yes |
|
Alphonse 1956:43 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
yes |
For all productive nominalizing, the morphemes used are verb roots or verbs or nouns--unsure if this is true nominalizing |
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
yes |
|
Queixalós 2000:162 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no info |
|
Buenaventura - 1993 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
yes |
|
Overall 2007:430-1 |
|
|
|
| Northern Emberá |
yes |
|
Mortensen 1999:30 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ingá |
yes |
There is also a nominalizer for instruments /-nga/ |
Levinson 1978:5 |
|
|
|
| Matses |
yes |
|
Fleck:295 |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
no info |
However, there are other nominalizers such as /-wen/ which derives associatives plurals from nouns; /-we/ which derives intruments or locations and /-ntu/ which derives nouns where yhere is plenty of the substance denoted by the noun. |
Zúñiga 2006, p. 87 |
|
|
|
| Páez |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
yes |
|
Parker 1965:29 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Urarina |
no |
|
Olawsky:404-5 |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
yes |
/-mia/ is also used |
Loewen 1954:36, 73 |
|
|
|
| Andoke |
yes |
usually derives agent; morpheme is homophonous with 1st noun class pronominal morpheme, creates class 3 nouns; -a derives agents and patients |
Landaburu 1979: 141, 153 |
possibly comes from verb 'to be' |
|
|
| Puinave |
yes |
|
Giron 2008: p245-6 |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
yes |
ri is a suffix |
Huayhua Pari 2001: 245 |
|
|
|
| Kakua |
yes |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no info |
|
Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
yes |
|
Minor and Minor 1982. p.98 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
yes |
bare verb stem + classifier |
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
yes |
subject relativizing prefix + generic nominalizer doo |
Weir 1984: 27 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
no |
|
Martins 2004 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
yes |
Agent, subject, and animate patient nominalizations all involve the animate deverbilizers. |
Miller 1999, p. 142 |
|
There can be ambiguity between agent and animate patient nominalizations. For example, teacher and student are the same word. |
|
| Cubeo |
yes |
The animate noun põẽ- 'person' plus a gender/number suffix may also be suffixed to a verb, forming an agentive deverbal noun meaning 'one who does X' |
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 90 |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
yes |
|
Stenzel 2004, p. 104 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
yes |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.35 |
|
animate and inanimate |
|
| Koreguaje |
no |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.27-28 |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
yes |
|
Jones & Jones 1991, p.42-43 |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
no |
|
Strom 1992, p.158 |
|
|
|
| Siona |
yes |
|
Wheeler - 1987:114 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
yes |
suffix -se derives N from V |
West and Welch 2004: 69; Ramirez 1997: 114 |
|
|
|
| Yanomami |
yes |
Lizot says this kind of derivational morphology is not very productive |
Lizot 1996: p.227 |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
no |
|
Goodwin-Gomez, p.116-117 |
|
"nominalization" but none of these kinds |
|
| Sanumá |
no |
derives "subject", but not "agent" exactly |
Borgman 1990: 142-144 |
|
|
|
| Surui |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no |
|
Everett 2006:296-300 |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
yes |
|
Cruz 2011:252 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
yes |
|
Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:115-6 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
yes |
|
Vallejos 2010:230 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Jingulu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Wambaya |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Bunuba |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Walmajarri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nyulnyul |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warrwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Worrorra |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Garrwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Gooniyandi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Warlpiri |
yes |
|
n25 |
|
|
1 |
| Bardi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no |
|
98 |
|
|
0 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
yes |
|
107, 117 |
|
|
1 |
| Yidiny |
not done yet |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Yanyuwa |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yandruwandha |
yes |
|
119, 120 |
|
|
1 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
yes |
|
50-1 |
|
|
1 |
| Woiwurrung |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wirangu |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wemba-Wemba |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warumungu |
yes |
|
53 |
|
|
1 |
| Wangkumara |
no |
|
14, 33 |
|
|
0 |
| Uradhi |
Yes |
|
372 |
|
|
1 |
| Paakantyi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Pitta-Pitta |
yes |
|
209 |
|
|
1 |
| Pintupi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
yes |
|
60 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngiyambaa |
yes |
|
200 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngayawang |
yes |
|
5 |
|
|
1 |
| Muruwari |
no info |
|
81-2 |
|
|
x |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
39 |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
no |
|
144-148 |
|
|
0 |
| Marrgany |
yes |
|
314 |
|
|
1 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
Yes |
|
426 |
|
|
1 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
yes |
|
57 |
|
|
1 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
411 |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
yes |
|
4 |
|
|
1 |
| Kalkatungu |
yes |
|
79, 56b |
|
|
1 |
| Jaru |
yes |
|
230 |
|
|
1 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
yes |
|
99 |
|
|
1 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
yes |
|
367 |
|
|
1 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yuwaalaraay |
yes |
|
106 |
|
|
1 |
| Dyirbal |
yes |
|
81-2 |
|
|
1 |
| Duungidjawu |
yes |
|
44 |
|
|
1 |
| Djinang |
Yes |
|
129 |
|
|
1 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
yes |
|
163 |
|
|
1 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Darkinyung |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bularnu |
yes |
|
31 |
|
|
1 |
| Biri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
yes |
|
136, 141 |
|
|
1 |
| Batyala |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Arabana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Alyawarr |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Nyikina |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
No |
|
55 |
|
|
0 |
| Wathawurrung |
yes |
|
86 |
|
|
1 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
98 |
|
|
0 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
yes |
|
90 |
|
|
1 |
| Thanggati |
yes |
|
62-65 |
|
|
1 |
| Katthang |
yes |
|
86-90 |
|
|
1 |
| Panyjima |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngarinyeri |
yes |
|
19 |
|
|
1 |
| Kurrama |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Yingkarta |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Githabul |
yes |
|
26 |
|
|
1 |
| Gunya |
yes |
|
314 |
|
|
1 |
| Kunjen |
yes |
|
111 |
|
|
1 |
| WesternTorres |
no info |
|
FO 121 |
|
|
x |
| Wakaya |
yes |
|
10.1.4.2 |
|
|
1 |
| Yindjilindji |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bandjalang |
yes |
|
84 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
No |
|
71 |
|
|
0 |
| Arrernte |
Yes |
|
103 |
|
|
1 |
| Kokatha |
No |
|
47 |
|
|
0 |
| Karajarri |
Yes |
|
238 |
|
|
1 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
Yes |
|
G 148 |
|
|
1 |
| Ritharrngu |
Yes |
|
79 |
|
|
1 |
| Warrgamay |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Warluwarra |
yes |
|
959 |
|
|
1 |
| Warnman |
Yes |
|
27 |
|
|
1 |
| Djapu |
yes |
|
109 |
|
|
1 |
| Bilinarra |
yes |
|
6.2.3.1 |
|
|
1 |
| Wiradjuri |
yes |
|
25 |
|
|
1 |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
Maybe |
|
50 |
|
|
1 |
| Narungga |
No info |
|
70 |
|
|
x |
| Tharrkari |
Yes |
|
21 |
|
|
1 |
| Wajarri |
No |
|
102 |
|
|
0 |
| Warungu |
yes |
|
227, 228 |
|
|
1 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
yes |
a paradigm exists that specifies animate/inanimate |
Payne and Payne 1990:354 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
yes |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
